// Copyright 2017 PingCAP, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package integration_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"hash/crc32"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
	"github.com/pingcap/failpoint"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/config"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/domain"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/domain/infosync"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/errno"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/expression"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/kv"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/meta/model"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/ast"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/auth"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/mysql"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/terror"
	plannercore "github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/base"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/operator/logicalop"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/resolve"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/session"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/sessionctx/vardef"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/sessionctx/variable"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/store/mockstore"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/tablecodec"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/testkit"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/types"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/codec"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/collate"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/plancodec"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/sem"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/versioninfo"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
)

// The following tests will be brought back when optimizer part is ready.
//
// func TestFTSUnsupportedCases(t *testing.T) {
// 	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))
// 	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
// 	tk.MustExec("use test")

// 	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
// 	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
// 	defer func() {
// 		tiflash.Lock()
// 		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
// 		tiflash.Unlock()
// 	}()

// 	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
// 	defer func() {
// 		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
// 	}()

// 	tk.MustExec("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT)")
// 	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('title 1', 'hello world'), ('title 2', 'hello TiDB')")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Full text search can only be used with a matching fulltext index")
// 	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

// 	tk.MustExec(`create table t(
// 		id INT, title TEXT, body TEXT,
// 		FULLTEXT KEY (title)
// 	)`)
// 	tbl, _ := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session()).InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
// 	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
// 		Count:     1,
// 		Available: true,
// 	}

// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select fts_match_word('hello', title) from t", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' cannot be used in SELECT fields")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select fts_match_word('hello', title) from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' cannot be used in SELECT fields")

// 	tk.MustQuery("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)")
// 	tk.MustQuery("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) AND id > 10")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', body)", "Full text search can only be used with a matching fulltext index")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', body) OR id > 10", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' must be used alone")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) OR id > 10", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' must be used alone")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) > 0", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' must be used alone")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) AND fts_match_word('hello body', title)", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' must be used alone")

// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t order by fts_match_word('hello', title) limit 10", "It must be used with a WHERE clause and must be used alone")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t order by fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' in ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause is not supported")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t order by 1, fts_match_word('hello', title) limit 5", "FTS_MATCH_WORD() must be used as the first item in ORDER BY")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) order by fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' in ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause is not supported")
// 	tk.MustQuery("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) order by fts_match_word('hello', title) limit 10")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) order by fts_match_word('hello world', title) limit 10", "'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' in ORDER BY must match the one in WHERE")

// 	tk.MustExec("set @@tidb_isolation_read_engines='tidb,tiflash'")
// 	tk.MustQuery("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)")

// 	tk.MustExec("set @@tidb_isolation_read_engines='tidb,tikv'")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Full text search can be only executed in a columnar storage")

// 	tk.MustExec("alter table t set tiflash replica 0")
// 	tk.MustExec("set @@tidb_isolation_read_engines='tidb,tikv'")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Full text search can be only executed in a columnar storage")
// 	tk.MustExec("set @@tidb_isolation_read_engines='tidb,tikv,tiflash'")
// 	tk.MustContainErrMsg("explain select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Full text search can be only executed in a columnar storage")
// }

func TestFTSParser(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
	defer func() {
		tiflash.Lock()
		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
		tiflash.Unlock()
	}()

	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
	defer func() {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
	}()

	tk.MustExec("create table tx (a TEXT, FULLTEXT (a))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table tx").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"tx CREATE TABLE `tx` (\n" +
			"  `a` text DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
			"  FULLTEXT INDEX `a`(`a`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n" +
			") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table tx")

	tk.MustExec("create table tx (a TEXT, FULLTEXT (a) WITH PARSER standard)")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table tx").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"tx CREATE TABLE `tx` (\n" +
			"  `a` text DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
			"  FULLTEXT INDEX `a`(`a`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n" +
			") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table tx")

	tk.MustExec("create table tx (a TEXT, FULLTEXT (a) WITH PARSER multilingual)")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table tx").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"tx CREATE TABLE `tx` (\n" +
			"  `a` text DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
			"  FULLTEXT INDEX `a`(`a`) WITH PARSER MULTILINGUAL\n" +
			") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table tx")

	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table tx (a TEXT, FULLTEXT (a) WITH PARSER abc)", "Unsupported parser 'abc'")
}

func TestFTSSyntax(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
	defer func() {
		tiflash.Lock()
		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
		tiflash.Unlock()
	}()

	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
	defer func() {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
	}()

	tk.MustExec("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT INDEX(title))")
	tbl, _ := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session()).InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
		Count:     1,
		Available: true,
	}

	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title) AND body = ''")
	// tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where (fts_match_word('hello', title)) > 0", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' must be used alone")
	// tk.MustContainErrMsg("select (fts_match_word('hello', title)) AS score from t where fts_match_word('hello', title)", "Currently 'FTS_MATCH_WORD()' cannot be used in SELECT fields")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where match() against ('hello')", `You have an error in your SQL syntax`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where match(title) against ('hello' in boolean mode)", `UnknownType: *ast.MatchAgainst`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where fts_match_word(title, body)", `match against a non-constant string`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where fts_match_word(45.67, body)", `match against a non-constant string`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("select * from t where fts_match_word('hello', title, body)", `Incorrect parameter count in the call to native function`)
}

func TestFTSIndexSyntax(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
	defer func() {
		tiflash.Lock()
		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
		tiflash.Unlock()
	}()

	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
	defer func() {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
	}()

	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY (`title`, `body`))", `FULLTEXT index must specify one column name`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY ((`title`)))", `FULLTEXT index must specify one column name`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY (title(5)))", `FULLTEXT index does not support prefix length`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY (title DESC))", `FULLTEXT index does not support DESC order`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t(title TEXT, body TEXT, c INT, FULLTEXT KEY (c))", `only support string type`)
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("create table t1(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY (title) WITH PARSER ngramx)", `Unsupported parser`)

	tk.MustExec("create table t1(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY (title))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t1").Check(testkit.Rows("t1 CREATE TABLE `t1` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `title`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("create table t2(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT (title))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t2").Check(testkit.Rows("t2 CREATE TABLE `t2` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `title`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("create table t3(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY `idx` (title))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t3").Check(testkit.Rows("t3 CREATE TABLE `t3` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `idx`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("create table t4(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY `idx` (`title`))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t4").Check(testkit.Rows("t4 CREATE TABLE `t4` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `idx`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("create table t5(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY `idx` (title ASC))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t5").Check(testkit.Rows("t5 CREATE TABLE `t5` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `idx`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("create table t6(title TEXT, body TEXT, FULLTEXT KEY `idx` (title ASC) WITH PARSER standard)")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t6").Check(testkit.Rows("t6 CREATE TABLE `t6` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `idx`(`title`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6")
	tk.MustExec("create table t1(title TEXT, body TEXT)")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("alter table t1 add FULLTEXT INDEX (body)", "columnar replica must exist to create")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t1 set tiflash replica 1")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t1 add FULLTEXT INDEX (body)")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t1").Check(testkit.Rows("t1 CREATE TABLE `t1` (\n  `title` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  `body` text DEFAULT NULL,\n  FULLTEXT INDEX `body`(`body`) WITH PARSER STANDARD\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin"))
	tk.MustExec("alter table t1 drop index body")
}

func TestVectorLong(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
	defer func() {
		tiflash.Lock()
		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
		tiflash.Unlock()
	}()

	genVec := func(d int, startValue int) string {
		vb := strings.Builder{}
		vb.WriteString("[")
		value := startValue
		for i := range d {
			if i > 0 {
				vb.WriteString(",")
			}
			vb.WriteString(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10))
			value += 100
		}
		vb.WriteString("]")
		return vb.String()
	}

	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
	defer func() {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
	}()

	runWorkload := func() {
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`insert into t1 values (1, '%s')`, genVec(16383, 100)))
		tk.MustQuery(`select * from t1 order by id`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 " + genVec(16383, 100)))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`delete from t1 where vec > '%s'`, genVec(16383, 200)))
		tk.MustQuery(`select * from t1 order by id`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 " + genVec(16383, 100)))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`delete from t1 where vec > '%s'`, genVec(16383, 50)))
		tk.MustQuery(`select * from t1 order by id`).Check(testkit.Rows())
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`insert into t1 values (1, '%s')`, genVec(16383, 100)))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`insert into t1 values (2, '%s')`, genVec(16383, 200)))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`insert into t1 values (3, '%s')`, genVec(16383, 300)))
		tk.MustQuery(fmt.Sprintf(`select id from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '%s') limit 2`, genVec(16383, 180))).Check(testkit.Rows(
			"2",
			"1",
		))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf(`update t1 set vec = '%s' where id = 1`, genVec(16383, 500)))
		tk.MustQuery(`select * from t1 order by id`).Check(testkit.Rows(
			"1 "+genVec(16383, 500),
			"2 "+genVec(16383, 200),
			"3 "+genVec(16383, 300),
		))
		tk.MustQuery(fmt.Sprintf(`select id from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '%s') limit 2`, genVec(16383, 180))).Check(testkit.Rows(
			"2",
			"3",
		))
	}

	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec(`
		create table t1 (
			id int primary key,
			vec vector(16383)
		)
	`)
	runWorkload()
	tk.MustExec("drop table t1")

	tk.MustExec(`
		create table t1 (
			id int primary key,
			vec vector(16383),
			VECTOR INDEX ((vec_cosine_distance(vec)))
		)
	`)
	runWorkload()
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t1")
	tk.MustExec(`
		create table t1 (
			id int primary key,
			vec vector(16383)
		)
	`)
	tk.MustExec(`alter table t1 set tiflash replica 1`)
	tbl, _ := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session()).InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t1"))
	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
		Count:     1,
		Available: true,
	}
	tk.MustExec(`alter table t1 add VECTOR INDEX ((vec_cosine_distance(vec)))`)
	runWorkload()
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t1")
}

func TestVectorDefaultValue(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// ============================
	// NULLABLE, NO DEFAULT, Non-Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode=''")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"<nil> <nil>",
		"<nil> <nil>",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"<nil> <nil>",
		"<nil> <nil>",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NULLABLE, NO DEFAULT, Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode='STRICT_ALL_TABLES'")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"<nil> <nil>",
		"<nil> <nil>",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"<nil> <nil>",
		"<nil> <nil>",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NULLABLE, DEFAULT

	tk.MustGetErrMsg("create table t(embedding VECTOR DEFAULT '[1,2,3]')", `VECTOR column 'embedding' can't have a literal default. Use expression default instead: ((VEC_FROM_TEXT('...')))`)
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ()")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT(embedding))")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"<nil> <nil>",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// Allow. Error happens when inserting.
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(5) DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values ()", "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(5)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values (DEFAULT)", "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(5)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3,4,5]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3,4,5] 5", "<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// Allow. Error happens when inserting.
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(5) DEFAULT (UUID()))")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("insert into t values ()", "Invalid vector text: ")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3,4,5]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3,4,5] 5", "<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NOT NULL, NO DEFAULT, Non-Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode=''")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR NOT NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"[] 0",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3) NOT NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NOT NULL, NO DEFAULT, Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode='STRICT_ALL_TABLES'")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR NOT NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3) NOT NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NOT NULL, DEFAULT, Non-Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode=''")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR NOT NULL DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ()")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT(embedding))")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ()")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT(embedding))")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[4] 1",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	// ============================
	// NOT NULL, DEFAULT, Strict Mode

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.sql_mode='STRICT_ALL_TABLES'")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR NOT NULL DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ()")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (DEFAULT(embedding))")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[4] 1",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
		"[1,2,3] 3",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]')))")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values ()")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[4]')")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (NULL)")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t values (DEFAULT(embedding))")
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_dims(embedding) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[4] 1",
	))
	tk.MustExec("drop table t")
}

func TestVectorColumnInfo(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// Create vector type column without specified dimension.
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR)")

	// SHOW CREATE TABLE
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"t CREATE TABLE `t` (\n" +
			"  `embedding` vector DEFAULT NULL\n" +
			") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin",
	))

	// SHOW COLUMNS
	tk.MustQuery("show columns from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"embedding vector YES  <nil> ",
	))

	// Create vector type column with specified dimension.
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3))")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3))")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(0))")

	// SHOW CREATE TABLE
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR(3))")
	tk.MustQuery("show create table t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"t CREATE TABLE `t` (\n" +
			"  `embedding` vector(3) DEFAULT NULL\n" +
			") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin",
	))

	// SHOW COLUMNS
	tk.MustQuery("show columns from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"embedding vector(3) YES  <nil> ",
	))

	// INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT data_type, column_type FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 't'").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"vector vector(3)",
	))

	// Vector dimension MUST be equal or less than 16383.
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("create table t(embedding VECTOR(16384))", "vector cannot have more than 16383 dimensions")
}

func TestVectorExplainTruncate(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t(c VECTOR);")

	// TODO: The output can be improved.
	tk.MustQuery(`EXPLAIN format='brief' SELECT
		VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, '[3,100,12345,10000]'),
		VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, '[11111111111,11111111111.23456789,3.1,5.12456]'),
		VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, '[-11111111111,-11111111111.23456789,-3.1,-5.12456]')
	FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		`Projection 10000.00 root  vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [3,1e+02,1.2e+04,1e+04])->Column#3, vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [1.1e+10,1.1e+10,3.1,5.1])->Column#4, vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [-1.1e+10,-1.1e+10,-3.1,-5.1])->Column#5`,
		`└─TableReader 10000.00 root  data:TableFullScan`,
		`  └─TableFullScan 10000.00 cop[tikv] table:t keep order:false, stats:pseudo`,
	))
}

func TestVectorConstantExplain(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t(c VECTOR);")
	tk.MustQuery(`EXPLAIN format='brief' SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]') FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"Projection 10000.00 root  vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [1,2,3,4,5,(6 more)...])->Column#3",
		"└─TableReader 10000.00 root  data:TableFullScan",
		"  └─TableFullScan 10000.00 cop[tikv] table:t keep order:false, stats:pseudo",
	))
	tk.MustQuery(`EXPLAIN format='brief' SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]')) FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"Projection 10000.00 root  vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [1,2,3,4,5,(6 more)...])->Column#3",
		"└─TableReader 10000.00 root  data:TableFullScan",
		"  └─TableFullScan 10000.00 cop[tikv] table:t keep order:false, stats:pseudo",
	))
	tk.MustQuery(`EXPLAIN format = 'brief' SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]') AS d FROM t ORDER BY d LIMIT 10;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"Projection 10.00 root  vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [1,2,3,4,5,(6 more)...])->Column#3",
		"└─TopN 10.00 root  Column#4, offset:0, count:10",
		"  └─TableReader 10.00 root  data:TopN",
		"    └─TopN 10.00 cop[tikv]  Column#4, offset:0, count:10",
		"      └─Projection 10.00 cop[tikv]  test.t.c, vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, [1,2,3,4,5,(6 more)...])->Column#4",
		"        └─TableFullScan 10000.00 cop[tikv] table:t keep order:false, stats:pseudo",
	))

	// Prepare a large Vector string
	vb := strings.Builder{}
	vb.WriteString("[")
	for i := range 100 {
		if i > 0 {
			vb.WriteString(",")
		}
		vb.WriteString("100")
	}
	vb.WriteString("]")

	stmtID, _, _, err := tk.Session().PrepareStmt("SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(c, ?) FROM t")
	require.Nil(t, err)
	rs, err := tk.Session().ExecutePreparedStmt(context.Background(), stmtID, expression.Args2Expressions4Test(vb.String()))
	require.NoError(t, err)

	p, ok := tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.GetPlan().(base.Plan)
	require.True(t, ok)

	flat := plannercore.FlattenPhysicalPlan(p, true)
	encodedPlanTree := plannercore.EncodeFlatPlan(flat)
	planTree, err := plancodec.DecodePlan(encodedPlanTree)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	fmt.Println(planTree)
	fmt.Println("++++")
	// Don't check planTree directly, because it contains execution time info which is not fixed after open/close time is included
	require.True(t, strings.Contains(planTree, `	Projection_3       	root     	10000  	vec_cosine_distance(test.t.c, cast([100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100...(len:401), vector))->Column#3`))
	require.True(t, strings.Contains(planTree, `	└─TableReader_6    	root     	10000  	data:TableFullScan_5`))
	require.True(t, strings.Contains(planTree, `	  └─TableFullScan_5	cop[tikv]	10000  	table:t, keep order:false, stats:pseudo`))
	// No need to check result at all.
	tk.ResultSetToResult(rs, fmt.Sprintf("%v", rs))
}

func TestVectorIndexExplain(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStoreWithSchemaLease(t, 1*time.Second, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(2))

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	tiflash := infosync.NewMockTiFlash()
	infosync.SetMockTiFlash(tiflash)
	defer func() {
		tiflash.Lock()
		tiflash.StatusServer.Close()
		tiflash.Unlock()
	}()

	failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess", `return(1)`)
	defer func() {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/ddl/MockCheckColumnarIndexProcess"))
	}()

	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t1")
	tk.MustExec(`
		create table t1 (
			vec vector(100)
		)
	`)
	tk.MustExec("alter table t1 set tiflash replica 1;")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t1 add vector index ((vec_cosine_distance(vec))) USING HNSW;")
	tbl, _ := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session()).InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t1"))
	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
		Count:     1,
		Available: true,
	}

	vb := strings.Builder{}
	vb.WriteString("[")
	for i := range 100 {
		if i > 0 {
			vb.WriteString(",")
		}
		vb.WriteString("100")
	}
	vb.WriteString("]")

	tk.MustQuery(fmt.Sprintf("explain format = 'brief' select * from t1 order by vec_cosine_distance(vec, '%s') limit 1", vb.String())).Check(testkit.Rows(
		`TopN 1.00 root  Column#5, offset:0, count:1`,
		`└─TableReader 1.00 root  MppVersion: 3, data:ExchangeSender`,
		`  └─ExchangeSender 1.00 mpp[tiflash]  ExchangeType: PassThrough`,
		`    └─TopN 1.00 mpp[tiflash]  Column#5, offset:0, count:1`,
		`      └─Projection 1.00 mpp[tiflash]  test.t1.vec, vec_cosine_distance(test.t1.vec, [1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,(95 more)...])->Column#5`,
		`        └─TableFullScan 1.00 mpp[tiflash] table:t1, index:vector_index(vec) keep order:false, stats:pseudo, annIndex:COSINE(vec..[1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,1e+02,(95 more)...], limit:1)`,
	))
}

func TestFixedVector(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(embedding VECTOR)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3]')")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3,4]')")

	// Failed to modify column type cause vectors with different dimension.
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("alter table t modify column embedding VECTOR(3)", "vector has 4 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")

	// Mixed dimension to fixed dimension.
	tk.MustExec("delete from t where vec_dims(embedding) != 3")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t modify column embedding VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values ('[]')", "vector has 0 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values ('[1,2,3,4]')", "vector has 4 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]'))", "vector has 0 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("insert into t values (VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3,4]'))", "vector has 4 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("update t set embedding = '[1,2,3,4]' where embedding = '[1,2,3]'", "vector has 4 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("update t set embedding = '[]' where embedding = '[1,2,3]'", "vector has 0 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(3)")

	// Fixed dimension to mixed dimension.
	tk.MustExec("alter table t modify column embedding VECTOR")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values ('[1,2,3,4]')")

	// Vector dimension MUST be equal or less than 16383.
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("alter table t modify column embedding VECTOR(16384)", "vector cannot have more than 16383 dimensions")
}

func TestVector(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t1 (v VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExecToErr(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('abc');`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[1,2.1,3.3]');`)
	tk.MustExecToErr(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[1,2.1,null]');`)
	tk.MustExecToErr(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[1,2.1,inf]');`)
	tk.MustExecToErr(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[1,2.1,nan]');`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[]');`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL);`)
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT * FROM t1;").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2.1,3.3]", "[]", "<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_DIMS(v) FROM t1;").Check(testkit.Rows("3", "0", "<nil>"))

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_DIMS(NULL);").Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_DIMS('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_DIMS('[5, 3, 2]');").Check(testkit.Rows("3"))

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("[]"))

	// Basic sort
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t(val VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[8.7, 5.7, 7.7, 9.8, 1.5]'),
		('[3.6, 9.7, 2.4, 6.6, 4.9]'),
		('[4.7, 4.9, 2.6, 5.2, 7.4]'),
		('[7.7, 6.7, 8.3, 7.8, 5.7]'),
		('[1.4, 4.5, 8.5, 7.7, 6.2]');
	`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY val DESC;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[8.7,5.7,7.7,9.8,1.5]",
		"[7.7,6.7,8.3,7.8,5.7]",
		"[4.7,4.9,2.6,5.2,7.4]",
		"[3.6,9.7,2.4,6.6,4.9]",
		"[1.4,4.5,8.5,7.7,6.2]",
	))

	// Golang produce different results in different Arch for float points.
	// Adding a ROUND to make this test stable.
	// See https://go.dev/ref/spec#Arithmetic_operators
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT val,
		ROUND(VEC_Cosine_Distance(val, '[1,2,3,4,5]'), 5) AS d
		FROM t ORDER BY d DESC;
	`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[8.7,5.7,7.7,9.8,1.5] 0.25641",
		"[3.6,9.7,2.4,6.6,4.9] 0.18577",
		"[7.7,6.7,8.3,7.8,5.7] 0.12677",
		"[4.7,4.9,2.6,5.2,7.4] 0.06925",
		"[1.4,4.5,8.5,7.7,6.2] 0.04973",
	))
}

func TestVectorOperators(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t(embedding VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[1, 2, 3]'),
		('[4, 5, 6]'),
		('[7, 8, 9]');
	`)

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') IS TRUE`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') IS FALSE`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') IS UNKNOWN`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') IS NOT NULL`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') IS NULL`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM t WHERE embedding = VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM t WHERE embedding BETWEEN '[1, 2, 3]' AND '[4, 5, 6]'`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM t WHERE embedding IN ('[1, 2, 3]', '[4, 5, 6]')`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM t WHERE embedding NOT IN ('[1, 2, 3]', '[4, 5, 6]')`).Check(testkit.Rows("[7,8,9]"))
}

func TestVectorCompare(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') = VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') != VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') > VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') >= VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') < VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]') <= VEC_FROM_TEXT('[]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') = VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') != VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') > VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') >= VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]');").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') < VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') <= VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]');").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') > '[1]';").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') >= '[1]';").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') < '[1]';").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') <= '[1]';").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT GREATEST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[7, 8, 9]')) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[7,8,9]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT LEAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[7, 8, 9]')) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]')) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE(NULL, VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]')) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), 1) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), '1') AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE(1, VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), 1) AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COALESCE('1', VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), '1') AS result;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
}

func TestVectorConversion(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t1 (val vector);`)

	// CAST
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS BINARY);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS CHAR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS JSON);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS DECIMAL(2));")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS DOUBLE);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS FLOAT);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS REAL);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS SIGNED);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS UNSIGNED);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS YEAR);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS DATETIME);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS DATE);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS TIME);")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST('[1,2,3]' AS VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST('[]' AS VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST('[1,2,3]' AS VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("SELECT CAST('[1,2,3]' AS VECTOR<DOUBLE>);", "Only VECTOR is supported for now")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST('[1,2,3]' AS VECTOR(3));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	err := tk.QueryToErr("SELECT CAST('[1,2,3]' AS VECTOR(2));")
	require.EqualError(t, err, "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(2)")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS VECTOR(3));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	err = tk.QueryToErr("SELECT CAST(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') AS VECTOR(2));")
	require.EqualError(t, err, "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(2)")

	// CONVERT
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), BINARY);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), CHAR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), JSON);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), DECIMAL);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), DOUBLE);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), FLOAT);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), REAL);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), SIGNED);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), UNSIGNED);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), YEAR);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), DATETIME);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), DATE);")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), TIME);")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT('[1,2,3]', VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT('[]', VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT('[1,2,3]', VECTOR);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustContainErrMsg("SELECT CONVERT('[1,2,3]', VECTOR<DOUBLE>);", "Only VECTOR is supported for now")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT('[1,2,3]', VECTOR(3));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	err = tk.QueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT('[1,2,3]', VECTOR(2));")
	require.EqualError(t, err, "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(2)")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), VECTOR(3));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	err = tk.QueryToErr("SELECT CONVERT(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'), VECTOR(2));")
	require.EqualError(t, err, "vector has 3 dimensions, does not fit VECTOR(2)")
}

func TestVectorAssignVariable(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`SET @a = VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]');`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT @a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
}

func TestVectorControlFlow(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	// IF
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT IF(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), 1, 0);").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT IF(TRUE, VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))

	// IFNULL
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT IFNULL(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), 1);").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT IFNULL(NULL, VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))

	// NULLIF
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NULLIF(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NULLIF(VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]'), VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))

	// CASE WHEN
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT CASE WHEN TRUE THEN VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1, 2, 3]') ELSE VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4, 5, 6]') END;").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))
}

func TestVectorStringCompare(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustExec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t1 (val vector);")
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('[1,2,3]'), ('[4,5,6]');")

	// LIKE
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE val LIKE '%2%';").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))

	// ILIKE
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE val ILIKE '%2%';").Check(testkit.Rows("[1,2,3]"))

	// STRCMP
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT STRCMP('[1,2,3]', VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT STRCMP('[4,5,6]', VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]'));").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
}

func TestVectorAggregations(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t(val VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[8.7, 5.7, 7.7, 9.8, 1.5]'),
		('[3.6, 9.7, 2.4, 6.6, 4.9]'),
		('[4.7, 4.9, 2.6, 5.2, 7.4]'),
		('[4.7, 4.9, 2.6, 5.2, 7.4]'),
		('[7.7, 6.7, 8.3, 7.8, 5.7]'),
		('[1.4, 4.5, 8.5, 7.7, 6.2]');
	`)
	tk.MustExec(`ANALYZE TABLE t;`)

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COUNT(*), val FROM t GROUP BY val ORDER BY val`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 [1.4,4.5,8.5,7.7,6.2]",
		"1 [3.6,9.7,2.4,6.6,4.9]",
		"2 [4.7,4.9,2.6,5.2,7.4]",
		"1 [7.7,6.7,8.3,7.8,5.7]",
		"1 [8.7,5.7,7.7,9.8,1.5]",
	))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COUNT(val) FROM t`).Check(testkit.Rows("6"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT val) FROM t`).Check(testkit.Rows("5"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT MIN(val) FROM t`).Check(testkit.Rows("[1.4,4.5,8.5,7.7,6.2]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT MAX(val) FROM t`).Check(testkit.Rows("[8.7,5.7,7.7,9.8,1.5]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT SUM(val) FROM t`)
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT AVG(val) FROM t`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT val FROM t GROUP BY val HAVING val > VEC_FROM_TEXT('[4.7,4.9,2.6,5.2,7.4]') ORDER BY val`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[7.7,6.7,8.3,7.8,5.7]",
		"[8.7,5.7,7.7,9.8,1.5]",
	))
}

func TestVectorWindow(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t;`)
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t (embedding VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[1, 2, 3]'),
		('[4, 5, 601]'),
		('[4, 5, 61]');
	`)

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding, FIRST_VALUE(embedding) OVER w AS first, NTH_VALUE(embedding, 2) OVER w AS second, LAST_VALUE(embedding) OVER w AS last
	FROM t WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY embedding) ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] [1,2,3] <nil> [1,2,3]",
		"[4,5,61] [1,2,3] [4,5,61] [4,5,61]",
		"[4,5,601] [1,2,3] [4,5,61] [4,5,601]",
	))

	tk.MustExec(`DELETE FROM t WHERE 1 = 1`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[1, 2, 3]'),
		('[4, 5, 6]'),
		('[4, 5, 6]'),
		('[7, 8, 9]');
	`)

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding, ROW_NUMBER() OVER w AS 'row_num', RANK() OVER w AS 'rank', DENSE_RANK() OVER w AS 'dense_rank'
	FROM t WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY embedding) ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 1 1 1",
		"[4,5,6] 2 2 2",
		"[4,5,6] 3 2 2",
		"[7,8,9] 4 4 3",
	))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding, LAG(embedding) OVER w AS 'lag', LEAD(embedding) OVER w AS 'lead'
	FROM t WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY embedding) ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] <nil> [4,5,6]",
		"[4,5,6] [1,2,3] [4,5,6]",
		"[4,5,6] [4,5,6] [7,8,9]",
		"[7,8,9] [4,5,6] <nil>",
	))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY embedding ORDER BY embedding) AS 'row_num'
	FROM t ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3] 1",
		"[4,5,6] 1",
		"[4,5,6] 2",
		"[7,8,9] 1",
	))
}

func TestVectorIndexSyntax(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg(`CREATE TABLE t1 (embedding VECTOR UNIQUE);`, "only VECTOR INDEX can be added to vector column")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg(`CREATE TABLE t1 (embedding VECTOR, INDEX idx (embedding));`, "only VECTOR INDEX can be added to vector column")
	tk.MustContainErrMsg(`CREATE TABLE t1 (embedding BLOB, VECTOR INDEX idx ((VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(embedding))));`, "Unsupported add vector index: only support vector type")
}

func TestVectorSetOperation(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;`)
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t1 (embedding VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
		('[1, 2, 3]'),
		('[4, 5, 6]');
	`)

	tk.MustExec(`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;`)
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t2 (embedding VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t2 VALUES
		('[4, 5, 6]'),
		('[7, 8, 9]');
	`)

	tk.MustQuery(`(SELECT embedding FROM t1 UNION SELECT embedding FROM t2) ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3]",
		"[4,5,6]",
		"[7,8,9]",
	))

	tk.MustQuery(`(SELECT embedding FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT embedding FROM t2) ORDER BY embedding;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3]",
		"[4,5,6]",
		"[4,5,6]",
		"[7,8,9]",
	))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT embedding FROM t2;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[4,5,6]",
	))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT embedding FROM t2;`).Check(testkit.Rows(
		"[1,2,3]",
	))
}

func TestVectorArithmatic(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t(embedding VECTOR);`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t VALUES
		('[1, 2, 3]'),
		('[4, 5, 6]'),
		('[7, 8, 9]');
	`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding + '[1, 2, 3]' FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[2,4,6]", "[5,7,9]", "[8,10,12]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding + embedding FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[2,4,6]", "[8,10,12]", "[14,16,18]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT embedding + 1 FROM t;`)
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT embedding + '[]' FROM t;`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding - '[1, 2, 3]' FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[0,0,0]", "[3,3,3]", "[6,6,6]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT embedding - embedding FROM t;`).Check(testkit.Rows("[0,0,0]", "[0,0,0]", "[0,0,0]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT embedding - '[1]' FROM t;`)

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2]') + VEC_FROM_TEXT('[2,3]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("[3,5]"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2]') + '[2,3]';`).Check(testkit.Rows("[3,5]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2]') + '[2,3,4]';`)
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]') + 2;`)
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1]') + '2';`)

	// Input outside the float32 value range will result in an error.
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[3e38]') + '[3e38]';`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1,2,3]') * '[4,5,6]';`).Check(testkit.Rows("[4,10,18]"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_FROM_TEXT('[1e37]') * '[1e37]';`)
	tk.MustQueryToErr("select VEC_L2_NORM('[1e39]') + 1")
	tk.MustQueryToErr("select VEC_L2_NORM('[1e39]')*0 + 1")
}

func TestVectorFunctions(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L1_DISTANCE('[0,0]', '[3,4]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("7"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L1_DISTANCE('[0,0]', '[0,1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr("SELECT VEC_L1_DISTANCE('[1,2]', '[3]');")
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L1_DISTANCE('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("+Inf"))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L2_DISTANCE('[0,0]', '[3,4]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("5"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L2_DISTANCE('[0,0]', '[0,1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_L2_DISTANCE('[1,2]', '[3]');`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L2_DISTANCE('[3e38]', '[-3e38]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("+Inf"))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_NEGATIVE_INNER_PRODUCT('[1,2]', '[3,4]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("-11"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_NEGATIVE_INNER_PRODUCT('[1,2]', '[3]');`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_NEGATIVE_INNER_PRODUCT('[3e38]', '[3e38]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("-Inf"))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,2]', '[2,4]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,2]', '[0,0]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,1]', '[1,1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,0]', '[0,2]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,1]', '[-1,-1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	tk.MustQueryToErr(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,2]', '[3]');`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,1]', '[1.1,1.1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[1,1]', '[-1.1,-1.1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE('[3e38]', '[3e38]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))

	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L2_NORM('[3,4]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("5"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT VEC_L2_NORM('[0,1]');`).Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
}

func TestVectorMiscFunctions(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")

	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE a(pk INT PRIMARY KEY, c VECTOR(3), time INT);")
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO a VALUES (1, '[1,2,3]', 5);")
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 [1,2,3] 5"))
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO a VALUES (1, '[1,1,1]', 10) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE time=VALUES(time), c=VALUES(c);")
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 [1,1,1] 10"))
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO a VALUES (1, '[1,5,7]', 15) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE time=VEC_DIMS(c), c=VALUES(c)+VALUES(c);")
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT * FROM a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 [2,10,14] 3"))
}

func testVectorSearchInternal(tk *testkit.TestKit) {
	tk.MustExec(`
		create table t1 (
			id int primary key,
			vec vector(3),
			a int,
			b int,
			c vector(3),
			d vector,
			VECTOR INDEX idx_embedding ((VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(vec)))
		)
	`)
	tk.MustExec(`
	insert into t1 values
		(1, '[1,1,1]', 11, 111, '[1,1,1]', '[1,1,1]'),
		(2, '[2,2,2]', 22, 222, '[2,2,2]', '[2,2,2]'),
		(3, '[3,3,3]', 33, 333, '[3,3,3]', '[3,3,3]');
	`)
	tk.MustExec("analyze table t1")

	tk.MustQuery("select id from t1 order by id").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1",
		"2",
		"3",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3",
		"2",
		"1",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 1").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]')").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3",
		"2",
		"1",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 [3,3,3] 33 333 [3,3,3] [3,3,3]",
		"2 [2,2,2] 22 222 [2,2,2] [2,2,2]",
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 [1,1,1] [1,1,1]",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, a, b from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 33 333",
		"2 22 222",
		"1 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select a, id, b from t1 order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"33 3 333",
		"22 2 222",
		"11 1 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from t1 order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0",
		"2 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from t1 order by d").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0",
		"2 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from t1 order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 [3,3,3] 33 333 [3,3,3] [3,3,3] 0",
		"2 [2,2,2] 22 222 [2,2,2] [2,2,2] 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 [1,1,1] [1,1,1] 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d, a, b from t1 order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0 33 333",
		"2 1.7320508075688772 22 222",
		"1 3.4641016151377544 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, a, b, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from t1 order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 33 333 0",
		"2 22 222 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 11 111 3.4641016151377544",
	))

	tk.MustExec(`
		create table tp (
			id int,
			vec vector(3) comment 'hnsw(distance=cosine)',
			a int, b int,
			store_id int
		) PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(store_id) (
			PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
			PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200),
			PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
		);
	`)
	tk.MustExec(`
		insert into tp values
			(1, '[1,1,1]', 11, 111, 50),
			(2, '[2,2,2]', 22, 222, 150),
			(3, '[3,3,3]', 33, 333, 250);
	`)
	tk.MustExec("analyze table tp")

	tk.MustQuery("select id from tp order by id").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1",
		"2",
		"3",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id from tp order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3",
		"2",
		"1",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id from tp order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]')").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3",
		"2",
		"1",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from tp order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 [3,3,3] 33 333 250",
		"2 [2,2,2] 22 222 150",
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 50",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, a, b from tp order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 33 333",
		"2 22 222",
		"1 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from tp order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0",
		"2 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from tp order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 [3,3,3] 33 333 250 0",
		"2 [2,2,2] 22 222 150 1.7320508075688772",
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 50 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d, a, b from tp order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0 33 333",
		"2 1.7320508075688772 22 222",
		"1 3.4641016151377544 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d, a, b from tp order by d").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"3 0 33 333",
		"2 1.7320508075688772 22 222",
		"1 3.4641016151377544 11 111",
	))

	tk.MustQuery("select id from tp partition (p0) order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from tp partition (p0) order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 50",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, a, b from tp partition (p0) order by vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from tp partition (p0) order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select *, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d from tp partition (p0) order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 [1,1,1] 11 111 50 3.4641016151377544",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d, a, b from tp partition (p0) order by d limit 10").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 3.4641016151377544 11 111",
	))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, vec_l2_distance(vec, '[3,3,3]') as d, a, b from tp partition (p0) order by d").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"1 3.4641016151377544 11 111",
	))
}

func TestVectorSearchExtractProj(t *testing.T) {
	{
		store, _ := testkit.CreateMockStoreAndDomainWithSchemaLease(t, 200*time.Millisecond, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(1))
		tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
		tk.MustExec("USE test;")
		testVectorSearchInternal(tk)
	}
	{
		store, _ := testkit.CreateMockStoreAndDomainWithSchemaLease(t, 200*time.Millisecond, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(1))
		tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
		tk.MustExec("USE test;")
		tk.MustExec("SET SESSION tidb_opt_fix_control = '56318:OFF';")
		testVectorSearchInternal(tk)
	}
}

func TestVectorSearchPreparedStatement(t *testing.T) {
	store, _ := testkit.CreateMockStoreAndDomainWithSchemaLease(t, 200*time.Millisecond, mockstore.WithMockTiFlash(1))
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("USE test;")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t1 (pk INT PRIMARY KEY, vec vector(3), VECTOR INDEX idx_embedding ((VEC_COSINE_DISTANCE(vec))) );")
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, '[1,2,3]'), (2, '[4,5,6]'), (3, '[7,8,9]');")
	tk.MustExec("ANALYZE TABLE t1;")

	tk.MustExec("PREPARE stmt FROM 'SELECT pk FROM t1 ORDER BY vec_cosine_distance(vec, ?) LIMIT ?';")
	tk.MustExec("SET @pvec = '[7,8,9]';")
	tk.MustExec("SET @plimit = 10;")
	tk.MustQuery("EXECUTE stmt USING @pvec, @plimit;").Check(testkit.Rows("3", "2", "1"))
}

func TestGetLock(t *testing.T) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t, mockstore.WithStoreType(mockstore.EmbedUnistore))
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	// Increase pessimistic txn max retry count to make test more stable.
	originCfg := config.GetGlobalConfig()
	newCfg := *originCfg
	newCfg.PessimisticTxn.MaxRetryCount = 10240
	config.StoreGlobalConfig(&newCfg)
	defer func() {
		config.StoreGlobalConfig(originCfg)
	}()

	// No timeout specified
	err := tk.ExecToErr("SELECT get_lock('testlock')")
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr := errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(mysql.ErrWrongParamcountToNativeFct), terr.Code())

	// 0 timeout = immediate
	// Negative timeout = convert to max value
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('testlock1', 0)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('testlock2', -10)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	// show warnings:
	tk.MustQuery("SHOW WARNINGS").Check(testkit.Rows("Warning 1292 Truncated incorrect get_lock value: '-10'"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('testlock1'), release_lock('testlock2')").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// GetLock/ReleaseLock with NULL name or '' name
	rs, _ := tk.Exec("SELECT get_lock('', 10)")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	rs, _ = tk.Exec("SELECT get_lock(NULL, 10)")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	rs, _ = tk.Exec("SELECT release_lock('')")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	rs, _ = tk.Exec("SELECT release_lock(NULL)")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	// NULL timeout is fine (= unlimited)
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('aaa', NULL)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('aaa')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	// GetLock in CAPS, release lock in different case.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('aBC', -10)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('AbC')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	// Release unacquired LOCK and previously released lock
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('randombytes')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('abc')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// GetLock with integer name, 64, character name.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock(1234, 10)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock(REPEAT('a', 64), 10)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock(1234), release_lock(REPEAT('aa', 32))").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// 65 character name
	rs, _ = tk.Exec("SELECT get_lock(REPEAT('a', 65), 10)")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	rs, _ = tk.Exec("SELECT release_lock(REPEAT('a', 65))")
	_, err = session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
	require.Error(t, err)
	terr = errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
	require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(errno.ErrUserLockWrongName), terr.Code())

	// len should be based on character length, not byte length
	// accented a character = 66 bytes but only 33 chars
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock(REPEAT(unhex('C3A4'), 33), 10)")
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock(REPEAT(unhex('C3A4'), 33))")

	// Floating point timeout.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('nnn', 1.2)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('nnn')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	// Multiple locks acquired in one statement.
	// Release all locks and one not held lock
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('a1', 1.2), get_lock('a2', 1.2), get_lock('a3', 1.2), get_lock('a4', 1.2)").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('a1'),release_lock('a2'),release_lock('a3'), release_lock('random'), release_lock('a4')").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 0 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// Multiple locks acquired, released all at once.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('a1', 1.2), get_lock('a2', 1.2), get_lock('a3', 1.2), get_lock('a4', 1.2)").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("4"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('a1')").Check(testkit.Rows("0")) // lock is free

	// Multiple locks acquired, reference count increased, released all at once.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('a1', 1.2), get_lock('a2', 1.2), get_lock('a3', 1.2), get_lock('a4', 1.2)").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('a1', 1.2), get_lock('a2', 1.2), get_lock('a5', 1.2)").Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("7")) // 7 not 5, because the it includes ref count
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('a1')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))  // lock is free
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('a5')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))  // lock is free
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// Test common cases:
	// Get a lock, release it immediately.
	// Try to release it again (its released)
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 1)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// Get a lock, acquire it again, release it twice.
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 1)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 1)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// Test someone else has the lock with short timeout.
	tk2 := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk2.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 1)").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 1)").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))  // someone else has the lock
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("0")) // never had the lock
	// try again
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT get_lock('mygloballock', 0)").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))  // someone else has the lock
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("0")) // never had the lock
	// release it
	tk2.MustQuery("SELECT release_lock('mygloballock')").Check(testkit.Rows("1")) // works

	// Confirm all locks are released
	tk2.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT release_all_locks()").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
}

func TestInfoBuiltin(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// for last_insert_id
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (id int auto_increment, a int, PRIMARY KEY (id))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t(a) values(1)")
	result := tk.MustQuery("select last_insert_id();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values(2, 1)")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_insert_id();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustExec("insert into t(a) values(1)")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_insert_id();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_insert_id(5);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("5"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_insert_id();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("5"))

	// for found_rows
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int)")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t") // Test XSelectTableExec
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1")) // Last query is found_rows(), it returns 1 row with value 0
	tk.MustExec("insert t values (1),(2),(2)")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3"))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where a = 0")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where a = 1")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where a like '2'") // Test SelectionExec
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	tk.MustQuery("show tables like 't'")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustQuery("select count(*) from t") // Test ProjectionExec
	result = tk.MustQuery("select found_rows()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	// for database
	result = tk.MustQuery("select database()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("test"))
	tk.MustExec("drop database test")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select database()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustExec("create database test")
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// for current_user
	sessionVars := tk.Session().GetSessionVars()
	originUser := sessionVars.User
	sessionVars.User = &auth.UserIdentity{Username: "root", Hostname: "localhost", AuthUsername: "root", AuthHostname: "127.0.%%"}
	result = tk.MustQuery("select current_user()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("root@127.0.%%"))
	sessionVars.User = originUser

	// for user
	sessionVars.User = &auth.UserIdentity{Username: "root", Hostname: "localhost", AuthUsername: "root", AuthHostname: "127.0.%%"}
	result = tk.MustQuery("select user()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("root@localhost"))
	sessionVars.User = originUser

	// for connection_id
	originConnectionID := sessionVars.ConnectionID
	sessionVars.ConnectionID = uint64(1)
	result = tk.MustQuery("select connection_id()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	sessionVars.ConnectionID = originConnectionID

	// for version
	result = tk.MustQuery("select version()")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(mysql.ServerVersion))

	// for tidb_version
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_version()")
	tidbVersionResult := ""
	for _, line := range result.Rows() {
		tidbVersionResult += fmt.Sprint(line)
	}
	lines := strings.Split(tidbVersionResult, "\n")
	assert.Equal(t, true, strings.Split(lines[0], " ")[2] == mysql.TiDBReleaseVersion, "errors in 'select tidb_version()'")
	assert.Equal(t, true, strings.Split(lines[1], " ")[1] == versioninfo.TiDBEdition, "errors in 'select tidb_version()'")

	// for row_count
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int, b int, PRIMARY KEY (a))")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustExec("insert into t(a, b) values(1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33)")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3"))
	tk.MustExec("select * from t")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-1"))
	tk.MustExec("update t set b=22 where a=1")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	tk.MustExec("update t set b=22 where a=1")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustExec("delete from t where a=2")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select row_count();")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-1"))

	// for benchmark
	success := testkit.Rows("0")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int, b int)")
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select benchmark(3, benchmark(2, length("abc")))`)
	result.Check(success)
	err := tk.ExecToErr(`select benchmark(3, length("a", "b"))`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	// Quoted from https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/information-functions.html#function_benchmark
	// Although the expression can be a subquery, it must return a single column and at most a single row.
	// For example, BENCHMARK(10, (SELECT * FROM t)) will fail if the table t has more than one column or
	// more than one row.
	oneColumnQuery := "select benchmark(10, (select a from t))"
	twoColumnQuery := "select benchmark(10, (select * from t))"
	// rows * columns:
	// 0 * 1, success;
	result = tk.MustQuery(oneColumnQuery)
	result.Check(success)
	// 0 * 2, error;
	err = tk.ExecToErr(twoColumnQuery)
	require.Error(t, err)
	// 1 * 1, success;
	tk.MustExec("insert t values (1, 2)")
	result = tk.MustQuery(oneColumnQuery)
	result.Check(success)
	// 1 * 2, error;
	err = tk.ExecToErr(twoColumnQuery)
	require.Error(t, err)
	// 2 * 1, error;
	tk.MustExec("insert t values (3, 4)")
	err = tk.ExecToErr(oneColumnQuery)
	require.Error(t, err)
	// 2 * 2, error.
	err = tk.ExecToErr(twoColumnQuery)
	require.Error(t, err)

	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_is_ddl_owner()")
	var ret int64
	if tk.Session().IsDDLOwner() {
		ret = 1
	}
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(fmt.Sprintf("%v", ret)))
}

func TestFilterExtractFromDNF(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int, b int, c int)")

	tests := []struct {
		exprStr string
		result  string
	}{
		{
			exprStr: "a = 1 or a = 1 or a = 1",
			result:  "[eq(test.t.a, 1)]",
		},
		{
			exprStr: "a = 1 or a = 1 or (a = 1 and b = 1)",
			result:  "[eq(test.t.a, 1)]",
		},
		{
			exprStr: "(a = 1 and a = 1) or a = 1 or b = 1",
			result:  "[or(or(and(eq(test.t.a, 1), eq(test.t.a, 1)), eq(test.t.a, 1)), eq(test.t.b, 1))]",
		},
		{
			exprStr: "(a = 1 and b = 2) or (a = 1 and b = 3) or (a = 1 and b = 4)",
			result:  "[eq(test.t.a, 1) or(eq(test.t.b, 2), or(eq(test.t.b, 3), eq(test.t.b, 4)))]",
		},
		{
			exprStr: "(a = 1 and b = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 1 and b = 1) or (a = 1 and b = 1 and c > 2 and c < 3)",
			result:  "[eq(test.t.a, 1) eq(test.t.b, 1)]",
		},
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	for _, tt := range tests {
		sql := "select * from t where " + tt.exprStr
		sctx := tk.Session()
		ectx := sctx.GetExprCtx().GetEvalCtx()
		stmts, err := session.Parse(sctx, sql)
		require.NoError(t, err, "error %v, for expr %s", err, tt.exprStr)
		require.Len(t, stmts, 1)
		ret := &plannercore.PreprocessorReturn{}
		nodeW := resolve.NewNodeW(stmts[0])
		err = plannercore.Preprocess(context.Background(), sctx, nodeW, plannercore.WithPreprocessorReturn(ret))
		require.NoError(t, err, "error %v, for resolve name, expr %s", err, tt.exprStr)
		p, err := plannercore.BuildLogicalPlanForTest(ctx, sctx, nodeW, ret.InfoSchema)
		require.NoError(t, err, "error %v, for build plan, expr %s", err, tt.exprStr)
		selection := p.(base.LogicalPlan).Children()[0].(*logicalop.LogicalSelection)
		conds := make([]expression.Expression, len(selection.Conditions))
		for i, cond := range selection.Conditions {
			conds[i] = expression.PushDownNot(sctx.GetExprCtx(), cond)
		}
		afterFunc := expression.ExtractFiltersFromDNFs(sctx.GetExprCtx(), conds)
		sort.Slice(afterFunc, func(i, j int) bool {
			return bytes.Compare(afterFunc[i].HashCode(), afterFunc[j].HashCode()) < 0
		})
		require.Equal(t, expression.StringifyExpressionsWithCtx(ectx, afterFunc), tt.result, "wrong result for expr: %s", tt.exprStr)
	}
}

func TestTiDBDecodeKeyFunc(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	collate.SetNewCollationEnabledForTest(false)
	defer collate.SetNewCollationEnabledForTest(true)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	var result *testkit.Result

	// Row Keys
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '74800000000000002B5F72800000000000A5D3' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(`{"_tidb_rowid":42451,"table_id":"43"}`))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '74800000000000ffff5f7205bff199999999999a013131000000000000f9' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(`{"handle":"{1.1, 11}","table_id":65535}`))

	// Index Keys
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '74800000000000019B5F698000000000000001015257303100000000FB013736383232313130FF3900000000000000F8010000000000000000F7' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(`{"index_id":1,"index_vals":"RW01, 768221109, ","table_id":411}`))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '7480000000000000695F698000000000000001038000000000004E20' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(`{"index_id":1,"index_vals":"20000","table_id":105}`))

	// Table keys
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '7480000000000000FF4700000000000000F8' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(`{"table_id":71}`))

	// Test invalid record/index key.
	result = tk.MustQuery("select tidb_decode_key( '7480000000000000FF2E5F728000000011FFE1A3000000000000' )")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("7480000000000000FF2E5F728000000011FFE1A3000000000000"))
	warns := tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.GetWarnings()
	require.Len(t, warns, 1)
	require.EqualError(t, warns[0].Err, "invalid key: 7480000000000000FF2E5F728000000011FFE1A3000000000000")

	// Test in real tables.
	tk.MustExec("use test;")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a varchar(255), b int, c datetime, primary key (a, b, c));")
	dom := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is := dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err := is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	getTime := func(year, month, day int, timeType byte) types.Time {
		ret := types.NewTime(types.FromDate(year, month, day, 0, 0, 0, 0), timeType, types.DefaultFsp)
		return ret
	}
	buildCommonKeyFromData := func(tableID int64, data []types.Datum) string {
		k, err := codec.EncodeKey(tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.TimeZone(), nil, data...)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		h, err := kv.NewCommonHandle(k)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		k = tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tableID, h)
		return hex.EncodeToString(codec.EncodeBytes(nil, k))
	}
	// split table t by ('bbbb', 10, '2020-01-01');
	data := []types.Datum{types.NewStringDatum("bbbb"), types.NewIntDatum(10), types.NewTimeDatum(getTime(2020, 1, 1, mysql.TypeDatetime))}
	hexKey := buildCommonKeyFromData(tbl.Meta().ID, data)
	sql := fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs := fmt.Sprintf(`{"handle":{"a":"bbbb","b":"10","c":"2020-01-01 00:00:00"},"table_id":%d}`, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	// split table t by ('bbbb', 10, null);
	data = []types.Datum{types.NewStringDatum("bbbb"), types.NewIntDatum(10), types.NewDatum(nil)}
	hexKey = buildCommonKeyFromData(tbl.Meta().ID, data)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(hexKey))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a varchar(255), b int, c datetime, index idx(a, b, c));")
	dom = domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is = dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err = is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	buildIndexKeyFromData := func(tableID, indexID int64, data []types.Datum) string {
		k, err := codec.EncodeKey(tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.TimeZone(), nil, data...)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		k = tablecodec.EncodeIndexSeekKey(tableID, indexID, k)
		return hex.EncodeToString(codec.EncodeBytes(nil, k))
	}
	// split table t index idx by ('aaaaa', 100, '2000-01-01');
	data = []types.Datum{types.NewStringDatum("aaaaa"), types.NewIntDatum(100), types.NewTimeDatum(getTime(2000, 1, 1, mysql.TypeDatetime))}
	hexKey = buildIndexKeyFromData(tbl.Meta().ID, tbl.Indices()[0].Meta().ID, data)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	result = tk.MustQuery(sql)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"index_id":1,"index_vals":{"a":"aaaaa","b":"100","c":"2000-01-01 00:00:00"},"table_id":%d}`, tbl.Meta().ID)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(rs))
	// split table t index idx by (null, null, null);
	data = []types.Datum{types.NewDatum(nil), types.NewDatum(nil), types.NewDatum(nil)}
	hexKey = buildIndexKeyFromData(tbl.Meta().ID, tbl.Indices()[0].Meta().ID, data)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	result = tk.MustQuery(sql)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"index_id":1,"index_vals":{"a":null,"b":null,"c":null},"table_id":%d}`, tbl.Meta().ID)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	// https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/27434.
	hexKey = "7480000000000100375F69800000000000000103800000000001D4C1023B6458"
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key('%s')", hexKey)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(hexKey))

	// https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/33015.
	hexKey = "74800000000000012B5F72800000000000A5D3"
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key('%s')", hexKey)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(`{"_tidb_rowid":42451,"table_id":"299"}`))

	// Test the table with the nonclustered index.
	const rowID = 10
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int primary key nonclustered, b int, key bk (b));")
	dom = domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is = dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err = is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	buildTableRowKey := func(tableID, rowID int64) string {
		return hex.EncodeToString(
			codec.EncodeBytes(
				nil,
				tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tableID, kv.IntHandle(rowID)),
			))
	}
	hexKey = buildTableRowKey(tbl.Meta().ID, rowID)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"_tidb_rowid":%d,"table_id":"%d"}`, rowID, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	// Test the table with the clustered index.
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int primary key clustered, b int, key bk (b));")
	dom = domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is = dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err = is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	hexKey = buildTableRowKey(tbl.Meta().ID, rowID)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":%d,"table_id":"%d"}`, tbl.Meta().GetPkName().String(), rowID, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	// Test partition table.
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int primary key clustered, b int, key bk (b)) PARTITION BY RANGE (a) (PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1), PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2));")
	dom = domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is = dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err = is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.NotNil(t, tbl.Meta().Partition)
	hexKey = buildTableRowKey(tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID, rowID)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"%s":%d,"partition_id":%d,"table_id":"%d"}`, tbl.Meta().GetPkName().String(), rowID, tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	hexKey = tablecodec.EncodeTablePrefix(tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID).String()
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"partition_id":%d,"table_id":%d}`, tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))

	data = []types.Datum{types.NewIntDatum(100)}
	hexKey = buildIndexKeyFromData(tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID, tbl.Indices()[0].Meta().ID, data)
	sql = fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_decode_key( '%s' )", hexKey)
	rs = fmt.Sprintf(`{"index_id":1,"index_vals":{"b":"100"},"partition_id":%d,"table_id":%d}`, tbl.Meta().Partition.Definitions[0].ID, tbl.Meta().ID)
	tk.MustQuery(sql).Check(testkit.Rows(rs))
}

func TestTiDBEncodeKey(t *testing.T) {
	store, dom := testkit.CreateMockStoreAndDomain(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (a int primary key, b int);")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (1, 1);")
	tbl, err := dom.InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	err = tk.QueryToErr("select tidb_encode_record_key('test', 't1', 0);")
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "doesn't exist")
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_encode_record_key('test', 't', 1);").
		Check(testkit.Rows(fmt.Sprintf("74800000000000%04x5f728000000000000001", tbl.Meta().ID)))

	tk.MustExec("alter table t add index i(b);")
	err = tk.QueryToErr("select tidb_encode_index_key('test', 't', 'i1', 1);")
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "index not found")
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_encode_index_key('test', 't', 'i', 1, 1);").
		Check(testkit.Rows(fmt.Sprintf("74800000000000%04x5f698000000000000001038000000000000001038000000000000001", tbl.Meta().ID)))

	tk.MustExec("create table t1 (a int primary key, b int) partition by hash(a) partitions 4;")
	tbl, err = dom.InfoSchema().TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t1"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	tk.MustExec("insert into t1 values (1, 1);")
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_encode_record_key('test', 't1(p1)', 1);").Check(testkit.Rows(
		fmt.Sprintf("74800000000000%04x5f728000000000000001", tbl.Meta().ID+2)))
	rs := tk.MustQuery(fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_mvcc_info('74800000000000%04x5f728000000000000001');", tbl.Meta().ID+2))
	mvccInfo := rs.Rows()[0][0].(string)
	require.NotEqual(t, mvccInfo, `{"info":{}}`)

	tk.MustExec("create user 'alice'@'%';")
	tk.MustExec("flush privileges;")
	tk2 := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	err = tk2.Session().Auth(&auth.UserIdentity{Username: "alice", Hostname: "localhost"}, nil, nil, nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	err = tk2.QueryToErr(fmt.Sprintf("select tidb_mvcc_info('74800000000000%04x5f728000000000000001');", tbl.Meta().ID+2))
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "Access denied")
	err = tk2.QueryToErr("select tidb_encode_record_key('test', 't1(p1)', 1);")
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "SELECT command denied")
	err = tk2.QueryToErr("select tidb_encode_index_key('test', 't', 'i1', 1);")
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "SELECT command denied")
	tk.MustExec("grant select on test.t1 to 'alice'@'%';")
	tk2.MustQuery("select tidb_encode_record_key('test', 't1(p1)', 1);").Check(testkit.Rows(
		fmt.Sprintf("74800000000000%04x5f728000000000000001", tbl.Meta().ID+2)))
}

func TestIssue9710(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	getSAndMS := func(str string) (int, int) {
		results := strings.Split(str, ":")
		SAndMS := strings.Split(results[len(results)-1], ".")
		var s, ms int
		s, _ = strconv.Atoi(SAndMS[0])
		if len(SAndMS) > 1 {
			ms, _ = strconv.Atoi(SAndMS[1])
		}
		return s, ms
	}

	for {
		rs := tk.MustQuery("select now(), now(6), unix_timestamp(), unix_timestamp(now())")
		s, ms := getSAndMS(rs.Rows()[0][1].(string))
		if ms < 500000 {
			time.Sleep(time.Second / 10)
			continue
		}

		s1, _ := getSAndMS(rs.Rows()[0][0].(string))
		require.Equal(t, s, s1) // now() will truncate the result instead of rounding it

		require.Equal(t, rs.Rows()[0][2], rs.Rows()[0][3]) // unix_timestamp() will truncate the result
		break
	}
}

func TestShardIndexOnTiFlash(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(id int primary key clustered, a int, b int, unique key uk_expr((tidb_shard(a)),a))")

	// Create virtual tiflash replica info.
	dom := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is := dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err := is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
		Count:     1,
		Available: true,
	}
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_isolation_read_engines = 'tiflash'")
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_enforce_mpp = 1")
	rows := tk.MustQuery("explain select max(b) from t").Rows()
	for _, row := range rows {
		line := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row)
		if strings.Contains(line, "TableFullScan") {
			require.Contains(t, line, "tiflash")
		}
	}
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_enforce_mpp = 0")
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_allow_mpp = 0")
	// when we isolated the read engine as 'tiflash' and banned TiDB opening allow-mpp, no suitable plan is generated.
	_, err = tk.Exec("explain select max(b) from t")
	require.NotNil(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, err.Error(), "[planner:1815]Internal : Can't find a proper physical plan for this query")
}

func TestExprPushdownBlacklist(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int , b date)")
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_allow_tiflash_cop=ON")

	// Create virtual tiflash replica info.
	dom := domain.GetDomain(tk.Session())
	is := dom.InfoSchema()
	tbl, err := is.TableByName(context.Background(), ast.NewCIStr("test"), ast.NewCIStr("t"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	tbl.Meta().TiFlashReplica = &model.TiFlashReplicaInfo{
		Count:     1,
		Available: true,
	}

	tk.MustExec("insert into mysql.expr_pushdown_blacklist " +
		"values('<', 'tikv,tiflash,tidb', 'for test'),('cast', 'tiflash', 'for test'),('date_format', 'tikv', 'for test')," +
		"('Cast.CastTimeAsDuration', 'tikv', 'for test')")
	tk.MustExec("admin reload expr_pushdown_blacklist")

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_isolation_read_engines = 'tiflash'")
	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_opt_enable_late_materialization = OFF")

	// < not pushed, cast only pushed to TiKV, date_format only pushed to TiFlash,
	// > pushed to both TiKV and TiFlash
	rows := tk.MustQuery("explain format = 'brief' select * from test.t where b > date'1988-01-01' and b < date'1994-01-01' " +
		"and cast(a as decimal(10,2)) > 10.10 and date_format(b,'%m') = '11'").Rows()
	require.Equal(t, "gt(cast(test.t.a, decimal(10,2) BINARY), 10.10), lt(test.t.b, 1994-01-01)", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[0][4]))
	require.Equal(t, "eq(date_format(test.t.b, \"%m\"), \"11\"), gt(test.t.b, 1988-01-01)", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[2][4]))

	tk.MustExec("set @@session.tidb_isolation_read_engines = 'tikv'")
	rows = tk.MustQuery("explain format = 'brief' select * from test.t where b > date'1988-01-01' and b < date'1994-01-01' " +
		"and cast(a as decimal(10,2)) > 10.10 and date_format(b,'%m') = '11'").Rows()
	require.Equal(t, "eq(date_format(test.t.b, \"%m\"), \"11\"), lt(test.t.b, 1994-01-01)", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[0][4]))
	require.Equal(t, "gt(cast(test.t.a, decimal(10,2) BINARY), 10.10), gt(test.t.b, 1988-01-01)", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[2][4]))

	// CastTimeAsString pushed to TiKV but CastTimeAsDuration not pushed
	rows = tk.MustQuery("explain format = 'brief' SELECT * FROM t WHERE CAST(b AS CHAR) = '10:00:00';").Rows()
	require.Equal(t, "cop[tikv]", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[1][2]))
	require.Equal(t, "eq(cast(test.t.b, var_string(10)), \"10:00:00\")", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[1][4]))

	rows = tk.MustQuery("explain format = 'brief' select * from test.t where hour(b) > 10").Rows()
	require.Equal(t, "root", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[0][2]))
	require.Equal(t, "gt(hour(cast(test.t.b, time)), 10)", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rows[0][4]))

	tk.MustExec("delete from mysql.expr_pushdown_blacklist where name = '<' and store_type = 'tikv,tiflash,tidb' and reason = 'for test'")
	tk.MustExec("delete from mysql.expr_pushdown_blacklist where name = 'date_format' and store_type = 'tikv' and reason = 'for test'")
	tk.MustExec("delete from mysql.expr_pushdown_blacklist where name = 'Cast.CastTimeAsDuration' and store_type = 'tikv' and reason = 'for test'")
	tk.MustExec("admin reload expr_pushdown_blacklist")
}

func TestDecodetoChunkReuse(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table chk (a int,b varchar(20))")
	for i := range 200 {
		if i%5 == 0 {
			tk.MustExec("insert chk values (NULL,NULL)")
			continue
		}
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf("insert chk values (%d,'%s')", i, strconv.Itoa(i)))
	}

	tk.Session().GetSessionVars().SetDistSQLScanConcurrency(1)
	tk.MustExec("set tidb_init_chunk_size = 2")
	tk.MustExec("set tidb_max_chunk_size = 32")
	defer func() {
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf("set tidb_init_chunk_size = %d", vardef.DefInitChunkSize))
		tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf("set tidb_max_chunk_size = %d", vardef.DefMaxChunkSize))
	}()
	rs, err := tk.Exec("select * from chk")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	req := rs.NewChunk(nil)
	var count int
	for {
		err = rs.Next(context.TODO(), req)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		numRows := req.NumRows()
		if numRows == 0 {
			break
		}
		for i := range numRows {
			if count%5 == 0 {
				require.True(t, req.GetRow(i).IsNull(0))
				require.True(t, req.GetRow(i).IsNull(1))
			} else {
				require.False(t, req.GetRow(i).IsNull(0))
				require.False(t, req.GetRow(i).IsNull(1))
				require.Equal(t, int64(count), req.GetRow(i).GetInt64(0))
				require.Equal(t, strconv.Itoa(count), req.GetRow(i).GetString(1))
			}
			count++
		}
	}
	require.Equal(t, count, 200)
	rs.Close()
}

func TestIssue16697(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t (v varchar(1024))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (space(1024))")
	for range 5 {
		tk.MustExec("insert into t select * from t")
	}
	rows := tk.MustQuery("explain analyze select * from t").Rows()
	for _, row := range rows {
		line := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row)
		if strings.Contains(line, "Projection") {
			require.Contains(t, line, "KB")
			require.NotContains(t, line, "MB")
			require.NotContains(t, line, "GB")
		}
	}
}

func TestSecurityEnhancedMode(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	sem.Enable()
	defer sem.Disable()

	// When SEM is enabled these features are restricted to all users
	// regardless of what privileges they have available.
	tk.MustGetErrMsg("SELECT 1 INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/aaaa'", "[planner:8132]Feature 'SELECT INTO' is not supported when security enhanced mode is enabled")
}

func TestEnumIndex(t *testing.T) {
	elems := []string{"\"a\"", "\"b\"", "\"c\""}
	rand.Shuffle(len(elems), func(i, j int) {
		elems[i], elems[j] = elems[j], elems[i]
	})

	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t,tidx")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(e enum(" + strings.Join(elems, ",") + "))")
	tk.MustExec("create table tidx(e enum(" + strings.Join(elems, ",") + "), index idx(e))")

	nRows := 50
	values := make([]string, 0, nRows)
	for range nRows {
		values = append(values, fmt.Sprintf("(%v)", rand.Intn(len(elems))+1))
	}
	tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf("insert into t values %v", strings.Join(values, ", ")))
	tk.MustExec(fmt.Sprintf("insert into tidx values %v", strings.Join(values, ", ")))

	ops := []string{"=", "!=", ">", ">=", "<", "<="}
	testElems := []string{"\"a\"", "\"b\"", "\"c\"", "\"d\"", "\"\"", "1", "2", "3", "4", "0", "-1"}
	for range nRows {
		cond := "e" + ops[rand.Intn(len(ops))] + testElems[rand.Intn(len(testElems))]
		result := tk.MustQuery("select * from t where " + cond).Sort().Rows()
		tk.MustQuery("select * from tidx where " + cond).Sort().Check(result)
	}

	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(e enum('d','c','b','a'), a int, index idx(e));")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4);")
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ use_index(t, idx) */ * from t where e not in ('a','d') and a = 2;").Check(
		testkit.Rows("c 2"))

	// issue 24419
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t02")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE `t02` (  `COL1` enum('^YSQT0]V@9TFN>^WB6G?NG@S8>VYOM;BSC@<BCQ6','TKZQQ=C1@IH9W>64=ZISGS?O[JDFBI5M]QXJYQNSKU>NGAWLXS26LMTZ2YNN`XKIUGKY0IHDWV>E[BJJCABOKH1M^CB5E@DLS7Q88PWZTEAY]1ZQMN5NX[I<KBBK','PXWTHJ?R]P=`Y','OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A','@[ETQPEKKDD;9INXAQISU0O65J86AWQ2SZ8=ZZW6TKT4GCF_O13^ZQW_S>FIYA983K:E4N77@FINM5HVGQCUCVNF5WLOOOEORAM=_JLMVFURMUASTVDBE','NL3V:J9LM4U5KUCV<RIJ_RKMZ4;CXD_0:K`HCO=P1YNYTHX8KYZRQ?PL01HLNSUC_R7:I5<V[HV0BIDEBZAPT73R7`DP43XXPLQCEI8>R;P','M5=T5FLQEZMPZAXH]4G:TSYYYVQ7O@4S6C3N8WPFKSP;SRD6VW@94BBH8XCT','P]I52Y46F?@RMOOF6;FWDTO`7FIT]R:]ELHD[CNLDSHC7FPBYOOJXLZSBV^5C^AAF6J5BCKE4V9==@H=4C]GMZXPNM','ECIQWH>?MK=ARGI0WVJNIBZFCFVJHFIUYJ:2?2WWZBNBWTPFNQPLLBFP9R_','E<<T9UUF2?XM8TWS_','W[5E_U1J?YSOQISL1KD','M@V^`^8I','5UTEJUZIQ^ZJOJU_D6@V2DSVOIK@LUT^E?RTL>_Y9OT@SOPYR72VIJVMBWIVPF@TTBZ@8ZPBZL=LXZF`WM4V2?K>AT','PZ@PR6XN28JL`B','ZOHBSCRMZPOI`IVTSEZAIDAF7DS@1TT20AP9','QLDIOY[Y:JZR@OL__I^@FBO=O_?WOOR:2BE:QJC','BI^TGJ_N<H:7OW8XXITM@FBWDNJ=KA`X:9@BUY4UHKSHFP`EAWR9_QS^HR2AI39MGVXWVD]RUI46SHU=GXAX;RT765X:CU7M4XOD^S9JFZI=HTTS?C0CT','M@HGGFM43C7','@M`IHSJQ8HBTGOS`=VW]QBMLVWN`SP;E>EEXYKV1POHTOJQPGCPVR=TYZMGWABUQR07J8U::W4','N`ZN4P@9T[JW;FR6=FA4WP@APNPG[XQVIK4]F]2>EC>JEIOXC``;;?OHP') DEFAULT NULL,  `COL2` tinyint DEFAULT NULL,  `COL3` time DEFAULT NULL,  KEY `U_M_COL4` (`COL1`,`COL2`),  KEY `U_M_COL5` (`COL3`,`COL2`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t02(col1, col2) values ('OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A', 39), ('OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A', 51), ('OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A', 55), ('OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A', -30), ('ZOHBSCRMZPOI`IVTSEZAIDAF7DS@1TT20AP9', -30);")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t02 where col1 not in (\"W1Rgd74pbJaGX47h1MPjpr0XSKJNCnwEleJ50Vbpl9EmbHJX6D6BXYKT2UAbl1uDw3ZGeYykhzG6Gld0wKdOiT4Gv5j9upHI0Q7vrXij4N9WNFJvB\", \"N`ZN4P@9T[JW;FR6=FA4WP@APNPG[XQVIK4]F]2>EC>JEIOXC``;;?OHP\") and col2 = -30;").Check(
		testkit.Rows(
			"OFJHCEKCQGT:MXI7P3[YO4N0DF=2XJWJ4Z9Z;HQ8TMUTZV8YLQAHWJ4BDZHR3A -30 <nil>",
			"ZOHBSCRMZPOI`IVTSEZAIDAF7DS@1TT20AP9 -30 <nil>"))

	// issue 24576
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(col1 enum('a','b','c'), col2 enum('a','b','c'), col3 int, index idx(col1,col2));")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values(1,1,1),(2,2,2),(3,3,3);")
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ use_index(t,idx) */ col3 from t where col2 between 'b' and 'b' and col1 is not null;").Check(
		testkit.Rows("2"))
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ use_index(t,idx) */ col3 from t where col2 = 'b' and col1 is not null;").Check(
		testkit.Rows("2"))

	// issue25099
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(e enum(\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"), index idx(e));")
	tk.MustExec("insert ignore into t values(0),(1),(2),(3);")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e = '';").Check(
		testkit.Rows(""))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e != 'a';").Sort().Check(
		testkit.Rows("", "b", "c"))
	tk.MustExec("alter table t drop index idx;")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e = '';").Check(
		testkit.Rows(""))
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e != 'a';").Sort().Check(
		testkit.Rows("", "b", "c"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(e enum(\"\"), index idx(e));")
	tk.MustExec("insert ignore into t values(0),(1);")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e = '';").Check(
		testkit.Rows("", ""))
	tk.MustExec("alter table t drop index idx;")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where e = '';").Check(
		testkit.Rows("", ""))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(e enum(\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"), index idx(e));")
	tk.MustExec("insert ignore into t values(0);")
	tk.MustExec("select * from t t1 join t t2 on t1.e=t2.e;")
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ inl_join(t1,t2) */ * from t t1 join t t2 on t1.e=t2.e;").Check(
		testkit.Rows(" "))
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ hash_join(t1,t2) */ * from t t1 join t t2 on t1.e=t2.e;").Check(
		testkit.Rows(" "))
	tk.MustQuery("select /*+ inl_hash_join(t1,t2) */ * from t t1 join t t2 on t1.e=t2.e;").Check(
		testkit.Rows(" "))
}

func TestBuiltinFuncJSONMergePatch_InColumn(t *testing.T) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	tests := []struct {
		input    [2]any
		expected any
		success  bool
		errCode  int
	}{
		// RFC 7396 document: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7396
		// RFC 7396 Example Test Cases
		{[2]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"a":"c"}`}, `{"a": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"b":"c"}`}, `{"a": "b", "b": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"a":null}`}, `{}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"b", "b":"c"}`, `{"a":null}`}, `{"b": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":["b"]}`, `{"a":"c"}`}, `{"a": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"c"}`, `{"a":["b"]}`}, `{"a": ["b"]}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":{"b":"c"}}`, `{"a":{"b":"d","c":null}}`}, `{"a": {"b": "d"}}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":[{"b":"c"}]}`, `{"a": [1]}`}, `{"a": [1]}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`["a","b"]`, `["c","d"]`}, `["c", "d"]`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `["c"]`}, `["c"]`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `null`}, `null`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `"bar"`}, `"bar"`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"e":null}`, `{"a":1}`}, `{"e": null, "a": 1}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`[1,2]`, `{"a":"b","c":null}`}, `{"a": "b"}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{}`, `{"a":{"bb":{"ccc":null}}}`}, `{"a": {"bb": {}}}`, true, 0},
		// RFC 7396 Example Document
		{[2]any{`{"title":"Goodbye!","author":{"givenName":"John","familyName":"Doe"},"tags":["example","sample"],"content":"This will be unchanged"}`, `{"title":"Hello!","phoneNumber":"+01-123-456-7890","author":{"familyName":null},"tags":["example"]}`}, `{"title":"Hello!","author":{"givenName":"John"},"tags":["example"],"content":"This will be unchanged","phoneNumber":"+01-123-456-7890"}`, true, 0},

		// From mysql Example Test Cases
		{[2]any{nil, `{"a":1}`}, nil, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":1}`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `false`}, `false`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `123`}, `123`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `123.1`}, `123.1`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{"null", `{"a":1}`}, `{"a":1}`, true, 0},
		{[2]any{`{"a":1}`, "null"}, `null`, true, 0},

		// Invalid json text
		{[2]any{`{"a":1}`, `[1]}`}, nil, false, mysql.ErrInvalidJSONText},
	}

	tk.MustExec(`use test;`)
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t;`)
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `j` json NULL, `vc` VARCHAR ( 5000 ) NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) );")
	for id, tt := range tests {
		tk.MustExec("insert into t values(?,?,?)", id+1, tt.input[0], tt.input[1])
		if tt.success {
			result := tk.MustQuery("select json_merge_patch(j,vc) from t where id = ?", id+1)
			if tt.expected == nil {
				result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
			} else {
				j, e := types.ParseBinaryJSONFromString(tt.expected.(string))
				require.NoError(t, e)
				result.Check(testkit.Rows(j.String()))
			}
		} else {
			rs, _ := tk.Exec("select json_merge_patch(j,vc) from  t where id = ?;", id+1)
			_, err := session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
			terr := errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
			require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(tt.errCode), terr.Code())
		}
	}
}

func TestBuiltinFuncJSONMergePatch_InExpression(t *testing.T) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)

	tests := []struct {
		input    []any
		expected any
		success  bool
		errCode  int
	}{
		// RFC 7396 document: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7396
		// RFC 7396 Example Test Cases
		{[]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"a":"c"}`}, `{"a": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"b":"c"}`}, `{"a": "b","b": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `{"a":null}`}, `{}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"b", "b":"c"}`, `{"a":null}`}, `{"b": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":["b"]}`, `{"a":"c"}`}, `{"a": "c"}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"c"}`, `{"a":["b"]}`}, `{"a": ["b"]}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":{"b":"c"}}`, `{"a":{"b":"d","c":null}}`}, `{"a": {"b": "d"}}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":[{"b":"c"}]}`, `{"a": [1]}`}, `{"a": [1]}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`["a","b"]`, `["c","d"]`}, `["c", "d"]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"b"}`, `["c"]`}, `["c"]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `null`}, `null`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `"bar"`}, `"bar"`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"e":null}`, `{"a":1}`}, `{"e": null,"a": 1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`[1,2]`, `{"a":"b","c":null}`}, `{"a":"b"}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{}`, `{"a":{"bb":{"ccc":null}}}`}, `{"a":{"bb": {}}}`, true, 0},
		// RFC 7396 Example Document
		{[]any{`{"title":"Goodbye!","author":{"givenName":"John","familyName":"Doe"},"tags":["example","sample"],"content":"This will be unchanged"}`, `{"title":"Hello!","phoneNumber":"+01-123-456-7890","author":{"familyName":null},"tags":["example"]}`}, `{"title":"Hello!","author":{"givenName":"John"},"tags":["example"],"content":"This will be unchanged","phoneNumber":"+01-123-456-7890"}`, true, 0},

		// test cases
		{[]any{nil, `1`}, `1`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`1`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `null`}, `null`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`true`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `false`}, `false`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`false`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`[1,2,3]`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `{"a":"foo"}`}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, nil}, nil, true, 0},

		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `{"b":"123"}`, `{"c":1}`}, `{"b":"123","c":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `{"c":1}`}, `{"c":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"d":1}`, `{"a":{"bb":{"ccc":null}}}`}, `{"a":{"bb":{}},"d":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `true`, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},

		// From mysql Example Test Cases
		{[]any{nil, `null`, `[1,2,3]`, `{"a":1}`}, `{"a": 1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, nil, `[1,2,3]`, `{"a":1}`}, `{"a": 1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `[1,2,3]`, nil, `{"a":1}`}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `[1,2,3]`, `{"a":1}`, nil}, nil, true, 0},

		{[]any{nil, `null`, `{"a":1}`, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, nil, `{"a":1}`, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `{"a":1}`, nil, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `{"a":1}`, `[1,2,3]`, nil}, nil, true, 0},

		{[]any{nil, `null`, `{"a":1}`, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, nil, `{"a":1}`, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `{"a":1}`, nil, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `{"a":1}`, `true`, nil}, nil, true, 0},

		// non-object last item
		{[]any{"true", "false", "[]", "{}", "null"}, "null", true, 0},
		{[]any{"false", "[]", "{}", "null", "true"}, "true", true, 0},
		{[]any{"true", "[]", "{}", "null", "false"}, "false", true, 0},
		{[]any{"true", "false", "{}", "null", "[]"}, "[]", true, 0},
		{[]any{"true", "false", "{}", "null", "1"}, "1", true, 0},
		{[]any{"true", "false", "{}", "null", "1.8"}, "1.8", true, 0},
		{[]any{"true", "false", "{}", "null", `"112"`}, `"112"`, true, 0},

		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, nil}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{nil, `{"a":"foo"}`}, nil, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `false`}, `false`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `123`}, `123`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `123.1`}, `123.1`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `[1,2,3]`}, `[1,2,3]`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`null`, `{"a":1}`}, `{"a":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":1}`, `null`}, `null`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `{"b":"123"}`, `{"c":1}`}, `{"b":"123","c":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `{"c":1}`}, `{"c":1}`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"a":null}`, `true`}, `true`, true, 0},
		{[]any{`{"a":"foo"}`, `{"d":1}`, `{"a":{"bb":{"ccc":null}}}`}, `{"a":{"bb":{}},"d":1}`, true, 0},

		// Invalid json text
		{[]any{`{"a":1}`, `[1]}`}, nil, false, mysql.ErrInvalidJSONText},
		{[]any{`{{"a":1}`, `[1]`, `null`}, nil, false, mysql.ErrInvalidJSONText},
		{[]any{`{"a":1}`, `jjj`, `null`}, nil, false, mysql.ErrInvalidJSONText},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		marks := make([]string, len(tt.input))
		for i := range marks {
			marks[i] = "?"
		}
		sql := fmt.Sprintf("select json_merge_patch(%s);", strings.Join(marks, ","))
		if tt.success {
			result := tk.MustQuery(sql, tt.input...)
			if tt.expected == nil {
				result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
			} else {
				j, e := types.ParseBinaryJSONFromString(tt.expected.(string))
				require.NoError(t, e)
				result.Check(testkit.Rows(j.String()))
			}
		} else {
			rs, _ := tk.Exec(sql, tt.input...)
			_, err := session.GetRows4Test(ctx, tk.Session(), rs)
			terr := errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error)
			require.Equal(t, errors.ErrCode(tt.errCode), terr.Code())
		}
	}
}

// issue https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/28544
func TestPrimaryKeyRequiredSysvar(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t (
		name varchar(60),
		age int
	  )`)
	tk.MustExec(`DROP TABLE t`)

	tk.MustExec("set @@sql_require_primary_key=true")

	// creating table without primary key should now fail
	tk.MustGetErrCode(`CREATE TABLE t (
		name varchar(60),
		age int
	  )`, errno.ErrTableWithoutPrimaryKey)
	// but with primary key should work as usual
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t (
		id bigint(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_RANDOM,
		name varchar(60),
		age int
	  )`)
	tk.MustGetErrMsg(`ALTER TABLE t
       DROP COLUMN id`, "[ddl:8200]Unsupported drop integer primary key")

	// test with non-clustered primary key
	tk.MustExec(`CREATE TABLE t2 (
       id int(11) NOT NULL,
       c1 int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
       PRIMARY KEY(id) NONCLUSTERED)`)
	tk.MustGetErrMsg(`ALTER TABLE t2
       DROP COLUMN id`, "[ddl:8200]can't drop column id with composite index covered or Primary Key covered now")
	tk.MustGetErrCode(`ALTER TABLE t2 DROP PRIMARY KEY`, errno.ErrTableWithoutPrimaryKey)

	// this sysvar is ignored in internal sessions
	tk.Session().GetSessionVars().InRestrictedSQL = true
	ctx := context.Background()
	ctx = kv.WithInternalSourceType(ctx, kv.InternalTxnOthers)
	sql := `CREATE TABLE t3 (
		id int(11) NOT NULL,
		c1 int(11) DEFAULT NULL)`
	stmts, err := tk.Session().Parse(ctx, sql)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	res, err := tk.Session().ExecuteStmt(ctx, stmts[0])
	require.NoError(t, err)
	if res != nil {
		require.NoError(t, res.Close())
	}
}

func TestTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec(`use test;`)
	tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = '+00:00';")
	defer tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = DEFAULT;")
	timestampStr1 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT @@timestamp;").Rows()[0])
	timestampStr1 = timestampStr1[1:]
	timestampStr1 = timestampStr1[:len(timestampStr1)-1]
	timestamp1, err := strconv.ParseFloat(timestampStr1, 64)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	nowStr1 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW(6);").Rows()[0])
	now1, err := time.Parse("[2006-01-02 15:04:05.000000]", nowStr1)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	tk.MustExec("set @@timestamp = 12345;")
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT @@timestamp;").Check(testkit.Rows("12345"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW();").Check(testkit.Rows("1970-01-01 03:25:45"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW();").Check(testkit.Rows("1970-01-01 03:25:45"))
	tk.MustExec("set @@timestamp = default;")
	time.Sleep(2 * time.Microsecond)
	timestampStr2 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT @@timestamp;").Rows()[0])
	timestampStr2 = timestampStr2[1:]
	timestampStr2 = timestampStr2[:len(timestampStr2)-1]
	timestamp2, err := strconv.ParseFloat(timestampStr2, 64)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	nowStr2 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW(6);").Rows()[0])
	now2, err := time.Parse("[2006-01-02 15:04:05.000000]", nowStr2)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Less(t, timestamp1, timestamp2)
	require.Less(t, now1.UnixNano(), now2.UnixNano())
	tk.MustExec("set @@timestamp = 12345;")
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT @@timestamp;").Check(testkit.Rows("12345"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW();").Check(testkit.Rows("1970-01-01 03:25:45"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW();").Check(testkit.Rows("1970-01-01 03:25:45"))
	tk.MustExec("set @@timestamp = 0;")
	time.Sleep(2 * time.Microsecond)
	timestampStr3 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT @@timestamp;").Rows()[0])
	timestampStr3 = timestampStr3[1:]
	timestampStr3 = timestampStr3[:len(timestampStr3)-1]
	timestamp3, err := strconv.ParseFloat(timestampStr3, 64)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	nowStr3 := fmt.Sprintf("%s", tk.MustQuery("SELECT NOW(6);").Rows()[0])
	now3, err := time.Parse("[2006-01-02 15:04:05.000000]", nowStr3)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Less(t, timestamp2, timestamp3)
	require.Less(t, now2.UnixNano(), now3.UnixNano())
}

func TestCastJSONTimeDuration(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(i INT, j JSON)")

	nowDate := time.Now().Format(time.DateOnly)

	// DATE/DATETIME/TIME will be automatically converted to json date/datetime/duration
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (0, DATE('1998-06-13'))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (1, CAST('1998-06-13 12:12:12' as DATETIME))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (2, DATE('1596-03-31'))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (3, CAST('1596-03-31 12:12:12' as DATETIME))")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values (4, '"1596-03-31 12:12:12"')`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values (5, '"12:12:12"')`)
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (6, CAST('12:12:12' as TIME))")
	tk.MustQuery("select i, cast(j as date), cast(j as datetime), cast(j as time), json_type(j) from t").Check(testkit.Rows(
		"0 1998-06-13 1998-06-13 00:00:00 00:00:00 DATE",
		"1 1998-06-13 1998-06-13 12:12:12 12:12:12 DATETIME",
		"2 1596-03-31 1596-03-31 00:00:00 00:00:00 DATE",
		"3 1596-03-31 1596-03-31 12:12:12 12:12:12 DATETIME",
		"4 1596-03-31 1596-03-31 12:12:12 12:12:12 STRING",
		"5 2012-12-12 2012-12-12 00:00:00 12:12:12 STRING",
		fmt.Sprintf("6 %s %s 12:12:12 12:12:12 TIME", nowDate, nowDate),
	))
}

func TestCompareBuiltin(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// compare as JSON
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t (pk int  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, i INT, j JSON);")
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (0, NULL)`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (1, '{"a": 2}')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (2, '[1,2]')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (3, '{"a":"b", "c":"d","ab":"abc", "bc": ["x", "y"]}')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (4, '["here", ["I", "am"], "!!!"]')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (5, '"scalar string"')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (6, 'true')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (7, 'false')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (8, 'null')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (9, '-1')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (10, CAST(CAST(1 AS UNSIGNED) AS JSON))`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (11, '32767')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (12, '32768')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (13, '-32768')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (14, '-32769')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (15, '2147483647')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (16, '2147483648')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (17, '-2147483648')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (18, '-2147483649')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (19, '18446744073709551615')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (20, '18446744073709551616')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (21, '3.14')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (22, '{}')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (23, '[]')`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (24, CAST(CAST('2015-01-15 23:24:25' AS DATETIME) AS JSON))`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (25, CAST(CAST('23:24:25' AS TIME) AS JSON))`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (26, CAST(CAST('2015-01-15' AS DATE) AS JSON))`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (27, CAST(TIMESTAMP('2015-01-15 23:24:25') AS JSON))`)
	tk.MustExec(`INSERT INTO t(i, j) VALUES (28, CAST('[]' AS CHAR CHARACTER SET 'ascii'))`)

	result := tk.MustQuery(`SELECT i,
		(j = '"scalar string"') AS c1,
		(j = 'scalar string') AS c2,
		(j = CAST('"scalar string"' AS JSON)) AS c3,
		(j = CAST(CAST(j AS CHAR CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4') AS JSON)) AS c4,
		(j = CAST(NULL AS JSON)) AS c5,
		(j = NULL) AS c6,
		(j <=> NULL) AS c7,
		(j <=> CAST(NULL AS JSON)) AS c8,
		(j IN (-1, 2, 32768, 3.14)) AS c9,
		(j IN (CAST('[1, 2]' AS JSON), CAST('{}' AS JSON), CAST(3.14 AS JSON))) AS c10,
		(j = (SELECT j FROM t WHERE j = CAST('null' AS JSON))) AS c11,
		(j = (SELECT j FROM t WHERE j IS NULL)) AS c12,
		(j = (SELECT j FROM t WHERE 1<>1)) AS c13,
		(j = DATE('2015-01-15')) AS c14,
		(j = TIME('23:24:25')) AS c15,
		(j = TIMESTAMP('2015-01-15 23:24:25')) AS c16,
		(j = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) AS c17,
		(JSON_EXTRACT(j, '$.a') = 2) AS c18
		FROM t
		ORDER BY i;`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 1 1 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>",
		"1 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 1",
		"2 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 1 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"3 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0",
		"4 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"5 0 1 1 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"6 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"7 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"8 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"9 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 1 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"10 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"11 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"12 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 1 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"13 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"14 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"15 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"16 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"17 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"18 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"19 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"20 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"21 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 1 1 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"22 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 1 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"23 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"24 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 1 0 <nil>",
		"25 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 1 0 0 <nil>",
		"26 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 1 0 0 0 <nil>",
		"27 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 1 0 <nil>",
		"28 0 0 0 1 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 0 <nil>"))

	// for coalesce
	result = tk.MustQuery("select coalesce(NULL), coalesce(NULL, NULL), coalesce(NULL, NULL, NULL);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select coalesce(cast(1 as json), cast(2 as json));`).Check(testkit.Rows(`1`))
	tk.MustQuery(`select coalesce(NULL, cast(2 as json));`).Check(testkit.Rows(`2`))
	tk.MustQuery(`select coalesce(cast(1 as json), NULL);`).Check(testkit.Rows(`1`))
	tk.MustQuery(`select coalesce(NULL, NULL);`).Check(testkit.Rows(`<nil>`))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t2")
	tk.MustExec("create table t2(a int, b double, c datetime, d time, e char(20), f bit(10))")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t2 values(1, 1.1, "2017-08-01 12:01:01", "12:01:01", "abcdef", 0b10101)`)

	result = tk.MustQuery("select coalesce(NULL, a), coalesce(NULL, b, a), coalesce(c, NULL, a, b), coalesce(d, NULL), coalesce(d, c), coalesce(NULL, NULL, e, 1), coalesce(f), coalesce(1, a, b, c, d, e, f) from t2")
	// coalesce(col_bit) is not same with MySQL, because it's a bug of MySQL(https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=103289&thanks=4)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(fmt.Sprintf("1 1.1 2017-08-01 12:01:01 12:01:01 %s 12:01:01 abcdef \x00\x15 1", time.Now().In(tk.Session().GetSessionVars().Location()).Format(time.DateOnly))))

	// nullif
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF(NULL, 1), NULLIF(1, NULL), NULLIF(1, 1), NULLIF(NULL, NULL);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 1 <nil> <nil>"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF(1, 1.0), NULLIF(1, "1.0");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF("abc", 1);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("abc"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF(1+2, 1);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF(1, 1+2);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT NULLIF(2+3, 1+2);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("5"))

	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HEX(NULLIF("abc", 1));`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("616263"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a date)")
	result = tk.MustQuery("desc select a = a from t")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows(
		"Projection_3 10000.00 root  eq(test.t.a, test.t.a)->Column#3",
		"└─TableReader_6 10000.00 root  data:TableFullScan_5",
		"  └─TableFullScan_5 10000.00 cop[tikv] table:t keep order:false, stats:pseudo",
	))

	// for interval
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(null, 1, 2), interval(1, 2, 3), interval(2, 1, 3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-1 0 1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(3, 1, 2), interval(0, "b", "1", "2"), interval("a", "b", "1", "2")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2 1 1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(23, 1, 23, 23, 23, 30, 44, 200), interval(23, 1.7, 15.3, 23.1, 30, 44, 200), interval(9007199254740992, 9007199254740993)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("4 2 0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(cast(9223372036854775808 as unsigned), cast(9223372036854775809 as unsigned)), interval(9223372036854775807, cast(9223372036854775808 as unsigned)), interval(-9223372036854775807, cast(9223372036854775808 as unsigned))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0 0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(cast(9223372036854775806 as unsigned), 9223372036854775807), interval(cast(9223372036854775806 as unsigned), -9223372036854775807), interval("9007199254740991", "9007199254740992")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 1 0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select interval(9007199254740992, "9007199254740993"), interval("9007199254740992", 9007199254740993), interval("9007199254740992", "9007199254740993")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select INTERVAL(100, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 100);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("6"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT INTERVAL(0,(1*5)/2) + INTERVAL(5,4,3);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))

	// for greatest
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select greatest(1, 2, 3), greatest("a", "b", "c"), greatest(1.1, 1.2, 1.3), greatest("123a", 1, 2)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3 c 1.3 2"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select greatest(cast("2017-01-01" as datetime), "123", "234", cast("2018-01-01" as date)), greatest(cast("2017-01-01" as date), "123", null)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("234 <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '123'", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '234'", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '123'"))
	// for least
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select least(1, 2, 3), least("a", "b", "c"), least(1.1, 1.2, 1.3), least("123a", 1, 2)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 a 1.1 1"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select least(cast("2017-01-01" as datetime), "123", "234", cast("2018-01-01" as date)), least(cast("2017-01-01" as date), "123", null)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("123 <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '123'", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '234'", "Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '123'"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select 1 < 17666000000000000000, 1 > 17666000000000000000, 1 = 17666000000000000000`).Check(testkit.Rows("1 0 0"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")

	// insert value at utc timezone
	tk.MustExec("set time_zone = '+00:00'")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a timestamp)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value('1991-05-06 04:59:28')")
	// check daylight saving time in Asia/Shanghai
	tk.MustExec("set time_zone='Asia/Shanghai'")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t").Check(testkit.Rows("1991-05-06 13:59:28"))
	// insert an nonexistent time
	tk.MustExec("set time_zone = 'America/Los_Angeles'")
	tk.MustExecToErr("insert into t value('2011-03-13 02:00:00')")
	// reset timezone to a +8 offset
	tk.MustExec("set time_zone = '+08:00'")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t").Check(testkit.Rows("1991-05-06 12:59:28"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a bigint unsigned)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(17666000000000000000)")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from t where a = 17666000000000000000").Check(testkit.Rows("17666000000000000000"))

	// test for compare row
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select row(1,2,3)=row(1,2,3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select row(1,2,3)=row(1+3,2,3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select row(1,2,3)<>row(1,2,3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select row(1,2,3)<>row(1+3,2,3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select row(1+3,2,3)<>row(1+3,2,3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
}

func TestTimeBuiltin(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	// for makeDate
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int, b double, c datetime, d time, e char(20), f bit(10))")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values(1, 1.1, "2017-01-01 12:01:01", "12:01:01", "abcdef", 0b10101)`)
	result := tk.MustQuery("select makedate(a,a), makedate(b,b), makedate(c,c), makedate(d,d), makedate(e,e), makedate(f,f), makedate(null,null), makedate(a,b) from t")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-01 2001-01-01 <nil> <nil> <nil> 2021-01-21 <nil> 2001-01-01"))

	// for date
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select date("2019-09-12"), date("2019-09-12 12:12:09"), date("2019-09-12 12:12:09.121212");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2019-09-12 2019-09-12 2019-09-12"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select date("0000-00-00"), date("0000-00-00 12:12:09"), date("0000-00-00 00:00:00.121212"), date("0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select date("aa"), date(12.1), date("");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))

	// for year
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select year("2013-01-09"), year("2013-00-09"), year("000-01-09"), year("1-01-09"), year("20131-01-09"), year(null);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2013 2013 0 2001 <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select year("2013-00-00"), year("2013-00-00 00:00:00"), year("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), year("2017-00-00 12:12:12");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2013 2013 0 2017"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select year("aa"), year(2013), year(2012.09), year("1-01"), year("-09");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a bigint)`)
	_, err := tk.Exec(`insert into t select year("aa")`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue), "err %v", err)
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'`) // without zero date
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select year("0000-00-00 00:00:00")`)
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="NO_ZERO_DATE";`) // with zero date
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select year("0000-00-00 00:00:00")`)
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|", "Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'"))
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="NO_ZERO_DATE,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES";`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`insert into t select year("0000-00-00 00:00:00");`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err), "err %v", err)

	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select 1`)
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = year("aa")`)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue), "err %v", err)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = year("aa")`)
	// Only `code` can be used to compare because the error `class` information
	// will be lost after expression push-down
	require.Equal(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Code(), errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error).Code(), "err %v", err)

	// for month
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select month("2013-01-09"), month("2013-00-09"), month("000-01-09"), month("1-01-09"), month("20131-01-09"), month(null);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 0 1 1 <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select month("2013-00-00"), month("2013-00-00 00:00:00"), month("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), month("2017-00-00 12:12:12");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0 0 0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select month("aa"), month(2013), month(2012.09), month("1-01"), month("-09");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select month("2013-012-09"), month("2013-0000000012-09"), month("2013-30-09"), month("000-41-09");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12 12 <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a bigint)`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`insert into t select month("aa")`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue), "err: %v", err)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select month("0000-00-00 00:00:00")`)
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="NO_ZERO_DATE";`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select month("0000-00-00 00:00:00")`)
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|", "Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'"))
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="NO_ZERO_DATE,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES";`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`insert into t select month("0000-00-00 00:00:00");`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err), "err: %v", err)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select 1`)
	tk.MustExec(`set sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select 1`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = month("aa")`)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = month("aa")`)
	require.Equal(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Code(), errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error).Code(), "err %v", err)

	// for week
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select week("2012-12-22"), week("2012-12-22", -2), week("2012-12-22", 0), week("2012-12-22", 1), week("2012-12-22", 2), week("2012-12-22", 200);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("51 51 51 51 51 51"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select week("2008-02-20"), week("2008-02-20", 0), week("2008-02-20", 1), week("2009-02-20", 2), week("2008-02-20", 3), week("2008-02-20", 4);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("7 7 8 7 8 8"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select week("2008-02-20", 5), week("2008-02-20", 6), week("2009-02-20", 7), week("2008-02-20", 8), week("2008-02-20", 9);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("7 8 7 7 8"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select week("aa", 1), week(null, 2), week(11, 2), week(12.99, 2);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select week("aa"), week(null), week(11), week(12.99);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a datetime)`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`insert into t select week("aa", 1)`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue))
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select now()`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = week("aa", 1)`)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = week("aa", 1)`)
	require.Equal(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Code(), errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error).Code(), "err %v", err)

	// for weekofyear
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select weekofyear("2012-12-22"), weekofyear("2008-02-20"), weekofyear("aa"), weekofyear(null), weekofyear(11), weekofyear(12.99);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("51 8 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a bigint)`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`insert into t select weekofyear("aa")`)
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue))

	tk.MustExec(`insert into t select 1`)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = weekofyear("aa")`)
	require.True(t, terror.ErrorEqual(err, types.ErrWrongValue))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = weekofyear("aa")`)
	require.Equal(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Code(), errors.Cause(err).(*terror.Error).Code(), "err %v", err)

	// for weekday
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select weekday("2012-12-20"), weekday("2012-12-21"), weekday("2012-12-22"), weekday("2012-12-23"), weekday("2012-12-24"), weekday("2012-12-25"), weekday("2012-12-26"), weekday("2012-12-27");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select weekday("2012-12-90"), weekday("0000-00-00"), weekday("aa"), weekday(null), weekday(11), weekday(12.99);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))

	// for quarter
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select quarter("2012-00-20"), quarter("2012-01-21"), quarter("2012-03-22"), quarter("2012-05-23"), quarter("2012-08-24"), quarter("2012-09-25"), quarter("2012-11-26"), quarter("2012-12-27");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 1 1 2 3 3 4 4"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select quarter("2012-14-20"), quarter("aa"), quarter(null), quarter(11), quarter(12.99);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select quarter("0000-00-00"), quarter("0000-00-00 00:00:00");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select quarter(0), quarter(0.0), quarter(0e1), quarter(0.00);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0 0 0"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.Rows())

	// for from_days
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select from_days(0), from_days(-199), from_days(1111), from_days(120), from_days(1), from_days(1111111), from_days(9999999), from_days(22222);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0003-01-16 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 3042-02-13 0000-00-00 0060-11-03"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select from_days("2012-14-20"), from_days("111a"), from_days("aa"), from_days(null), from_days("123asf"), from_days(12.99);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0005-07-05 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 <nil> 0000-00-00 0000-00-00"))

	// Fix issue #3923
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:00' as time), '12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('12:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:00' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:00' as time), '2004-12-30 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2004-12-30 12:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:00' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime), '2004-12-30 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:01"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2004-12-30 12:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-00:00:01"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as time), '-34 00:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("828:00:01"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('-34 00:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-828:00:01"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime), cast('2004-12-30 11:00:01' as datetime));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime), '2004-12-30 12:00:00.1');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00.9"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2004-12-30 12:00:00.1', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-00:00:00.9"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime), '-34 124:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('-34 124:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as datetime));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as time), '-34 124:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("838:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('-34 124:00:00', cast('2004-12-30 12:00:01' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-838:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('2004-12-30' as datetime), '12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('12:00:00', cast('2004-12-30' as datetime));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('12:00:00', '-34 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("838:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('12:00:00', '34 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-816:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2014-1-2 12:00:00', '-34 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('-34 12:00:00', '2014-1-2 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2014-1-2 12:00:00', '12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('12:00:00', '2014-1-2 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timediff('2014-1-2 12:00:00', '2014-1-1 12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("24:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery("select timediff(cast('10:10:10' as time), cast('10:10:11' as time))").Check(testkit.Rows("-00:00:01"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestampadd(MINUTE, 1, '2003-01-02'), timestampadd(WEEK, 1, '2003-01-02 23:59:59')" +
		", timestampadd(MICROSECOND, 1, 950501);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2003-01-02 00:01:00 2003-01-09 23:59:59 1995-05-01 00:00:00.000001"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestampadd(day, 2, 950501), timestampadd(MINUTE, 37.5,'2003-01-02'), timestampadd(MINUTE, 37.49,'2003-01-02')," +
		" timestampadd(YeAr, 1, '2003-01-02');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1995-05-03 00:00:00 2003-01-02 00:38:00 2003-01-02 00:37:00 2004-01-02 00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select to_seconds(950501), to_seconds('2009-11-29'), to_seconds('2009-11-29 13:43:32'), to_seconds('09-11-29 13:43:32');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("62966505600 63426672000 63426721412 63426721412"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select to_days(950501), to_days('2007-10-07'), to_days('2007-10-07 00:00:59'), to_days('0000-01-01')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("728779 733321 733321 1"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_day('2003-02-05'), last_day('2004-02-05'), last_day('2004-01-01 01:01:01'), last_day(950501);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2003-02-28 2004-02-29 2004-01-31 1995-05-31"))

	tk.MustExec("SET SQL_MODE='';")
	result = tk.MustQuery("select last_day('0000-00-00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select to_days('0000-00-00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select to_seconds('0000-00-00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp('2003-12-31'), timestamp('2003-12-31 12:00:00','12:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2003-12-31 00:00:00 2004-01-01 00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp(20170118123950.123), timestamp(20170118123950.999);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-18 12:39:50.123 2017-01-18 12:39:50.999"))
	// Issue https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/20003
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp(0.0001, 0.00001);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp('2003-12-31', '01:01:01.01'), timestamp('2003-12-31 12:34', '01:01:01.01')," +
		" timestamp('2008-12-31','00:00:00.0'), timestamp('2008-12-31 00:00:00.000');")

	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(second, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as date))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-01 00:00:01"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(hour, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as date))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-01 01:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(day, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as date))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-02"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(month, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as date))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-02-01"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(year, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as date))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2002-01-01"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(second, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as datetime))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-01 00:00:01"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(hour, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as datetime))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-01 01:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(day, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as datetime))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-02 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(month, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as datetime))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2001-02-01 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select timestampadd(year, 1, cast("2001-01-01" as datetime))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2002-01-01 00:00:00"))

	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2003-12-31 01:01:01.01 2003-12-31 13:35:01.01 2008-12-31 00:00:00.0 2008-12-31 00:00:00.000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp('2003-12-31', 1), timestamp('2003-12-31', -1);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2003-12-31 00:00:01 2003-12-30 23:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select timestamp('2003-12-31', '2000-12-12 01:01:01.01'), timestamp('2003-14-31','01:01:01.01');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2003-02-01','2003-05-01'), TIMESTAMPDIFF(yEaR,'2002-05-01', " +
		"'2001-01-01'), TIMESTAMPDIFF(minute,binary('2003-02-01'),'2003-05-01 12:05:55'), TIMESTAMPDIFF(day," +
		"'1995-05-02', 950501);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3 -1 128885 -1"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select datediff('2007-12-31 23:59:59','2007-12-30'), datediff('2010-11-30 23:59:59', " +
		"'2010-12-31'), datediff(950501,'2016-01-13'), datediff(950501.9,'2016-01-13'), datediff(binary(950501), '2016-01-13');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 -31 -7562 -7562 -7562"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select datediff('0000-01-01','0001-01-01'), datediff('0001-00-01', '0001-00-01'), datediff('0001-01-00','0001-01-00'), datediff('2017-01-01','2017-01-01');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-365 <nil> <nil> 0"))

	// for ADDTIME
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime('01:01:11', '00:00:01.013'), addtime('01:01:11.00', '00:00:01'), addtime" +
		"('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '00:00:01'), addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '00:00:01.88');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:12.013000 01:01:12 2017-01-01 01:01:12.120000 2017-01-01 01:01:13"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(cast('01:01:11' as time(4)), '00:00:01.013'), addtime(cast('01:01:11.00' " +
		"as datetime(3)), '00:00:01')," + " addtime(cast('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12' as date), '00:00:01'), addtime(cast" +
		"(cast('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12' as date) as datetime(2)), '00:00:01.88');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:12.0130 2001-01-11 00:00:01.000 2017-01-01 00:00:01 2017-01-01 00:00:01.88"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 5), addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', -5), addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 0.0), addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 1.34);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-01 01:01:06 2017-01-01 01:00:56 2017-01-01 01:01:01 2017-01-01 01:01:02.340000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as datetime(3)), cast('00:00:01' as time)), addtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as datetime(3)), cast('00:00:01' as time(5)))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-11 00:00:01.000 2001-01-11 00:00:01.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as date), cast('00:00:01' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-11 00:00:01"))
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a datetime, b timestamp, c time)")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values("2017-01-01 12:30:31", "2017-01-01 12:30:31", "01:01:01")`)
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(a, b), addtime(cast(a as date), b), addtime(b,a), addtime(a,c), addtime(b," +
		"c), addtime(c,a), addtime(c,b)" +
		" from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> 2017-01-01 13:31:32 2017-01-01 13:31:32 <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime('01:01:11', cast('1' as time))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:12"))
	tk.MustQuery("select addtime(cast(null as char(20)), cast('1' as time))").Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	require.NoError(t, tk.QueryToErr(`select addtime("01:01:11", cast('sdf' as time))`))
	tk.MustQuery(`select addtime("01:01:11", cast(null as char(20)))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select addtime(cast(1 as time), cast(1 as time))`).Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:02"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select addtime(cast(null as time), cast(1 as time))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select addtime(cast(1 as time), cast(null as time))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))

	// for SUBTIME
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime('01:01:11', '00:00:01.013'), subtime('01:01:11.00', '00:00:01'), subtime" +
		"('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '00:00:01'), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '00:00:01.88');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:09.987000 01:01:10 2017-01-01 01:01:10.120000 2017-01-01 01:01:09.240000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(cast('01:01:11' as time(4)), '00:00:01.013'), subtime(cast('01:01:11.00' " +
		"as datetime(3)), '00:00:01')," + " subtime(cast('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12' as date), '00:00:01'), subtime(cast" +
		"(cast('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12' as date) as datetime(2)), '00:00:01.88');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:09.9870 2001-01-10 23:59:59.000 2016-12-31 23:59:59 2016-12-31 23:59:58.12"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 5), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', -5), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 0.0), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 1.34);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-01 01:00:56 2017-01-01 01:01:06 2017-01-01 01:01:01 2017-01-01 01:00:59.660000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime('01:01:11', '0:0:1.013'), subtime('01:01:11.00', '0:0:1'), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '0:0:1'), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:11.12', '0:0:1.120000');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:09.987000 01:01:10 2017-01-01 01:01:10.120000 2017-01-01 01:01:10"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as datetime(3)), cast('00:00:01' as time)), subtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as datetime(3)), cast('00:00:01' as time(5)))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-10 23:59:59.000 2001-01-10 23:59:59.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(cast('01:01:11.00' as date), cast('00:00:01' as time));")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-01-10 23:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(a, b), subtime(cast(a as date), b), subtime(b,a), subtime(a,c), subtime(b," +
		"c), subtime(c,a), subtime(c,b) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> 2017-01-01 11:29:30 2017-01-01 11:29:30 <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("select subtime(cast('10:10:10' as time), cast('9:10:10' as time))").Check(testkit.Rows("01:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery("select subtime('10:10:10', cast('9:10:10' as time))").Check(testkit.Rows("01:00:00"))

	// SUBTIME issue #31868
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a DATETIME(6))")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values ("1000-01-01 01:00:00.000000"), ("1000-01-01 01:00:00.000001")`)
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT SUBTIME(a, '00:00:00.000001') FROM t ORDER BY a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("1000-01-01 00:59:59.999999", "1000-01-01 01:00:00.000000"))
	tk.MustQuery(`SELECT SUBTIME(a, '10:00:00.000001') FROM t ORDER BY a;`).Check(testkit.Rows("0999-12-31 14:59:59.999999", "0999-12-31 15:00:00.000000"))

	// ADDTIME & SUBTIME issue #5966
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a datetime, b timestamp, c time, d date, e bit(1))")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t values("2017-01-01 12:30:31", "2017-01-01 12:30:31", "01:01:01", "2017-01-01", 0b1)`)

	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(a, e), addtime(b, e), addtime(c, e), addtime(d, e) from t")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 0b1), addtime('2017-01-01', b'1'), addtime('01:01:01', 0b1011)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime('2017-01-01', 1), addtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 1), addtime(cast('2017-01-01' as date), 1)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-01 00:00:01 2017-01-01 01:01:02 2017-01-01 00:00:01"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(a, e), subtime(b, e), subtime(c, e), subtime(d, e) from t")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 0b1), subtime('2017-01-01', b'1'), subtime('01:01:01', 0b1011)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime('2017-01-01', 1), subtime('2017-01-01 01:01:01', 1), subtime(cast('2017-01-01' as date), 1)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2016-12-31 23:59:59 2017-01-01 01:01:00 2016-12-31 23:59:59"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(-32073, 0), addtime(0, -32073);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(-32073, c), addtime(c, -32073) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select addtime(a, -32073), addtime(b, -32073), addtime(d, -32073) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(-32073, 0), subtime(0, -32073);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(-32073, c), subtime(c, -32073) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select subtime(a, -32073), subtime(b, -32073), subtime(d, -32073) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect time value: '-32073'"))

	// fixed issue #3986
	tk.MustExec("SET SQL_MODE='NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';")
	tk.MustExec("SET TIME_ZONE='+03:00';")
	tk.MustExec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t;")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t (ix TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);")
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO t VALUES (0), (20030101010160), (20030101016001), (20030101240101), (20030132010101), (20031301010101), (20031200000000), (20030000000000);")
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT CAST(ix AS SIGNED) FROM t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"))

	// test time
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('2003-12-31 01:02:03')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:02:03"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('2003-12-31 01:02:03.000123')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:02:03.000123"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('01:02:03.000123')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:02:03.000123"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('01:02:03')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:02:03"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('-838:59:59.000000')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-838:59:59.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('-838:59:59.000001')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-838:59:59.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('-839:59:59.000000')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-838:59:59.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('840:59:59.000000')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("838:59:59.000000"))
	// FIXME: #issue 4193
	// result = tk.MustQuery("select time('840:59:60.000000')")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	// result = tk.MustQuery("select time('800:59:59.9999999')")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("801:00:00.000000"))
	// result = tk.MustQuery("select time('12003-12-10 01:02:03.000123')")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>")
	// result = tk.MustQuery("select time('')")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>")
	// result = tk.MustQuery("select time('2003-12-10-10 01:02:03.000123')")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:20:03")

	// Issue 20995
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time('0.1234567')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00.123457"))

	// for hour
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT hour("12:13:14.123456"), hour("12:13:14.000010"), hour("272:59:55"), hour(020005), hour(null), hour("27aaaa2:59:55");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12 12 272 2 <nil> <nil>"))

	// for hour, issue #4340
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HOUR(20171222020005);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HOUR(20171222020005.1);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HOUR(20171222020005.1e0);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HOUR("20171222020005");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT HOUR("20171222020005.1");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(20171222);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(8381222);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("838"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(10000000000);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(10100000000);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(10001000000);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select hour(10101000000);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))

	// for minute
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT minute("12:13:14.123456"), minute("12:13:14.000010"), minute("272:59:55"), minute(null), minute("27aaaa2:59:55");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("13 13 59 <nil> <nil>"))

	// for second
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT second("12:13:14.123456"), second("12:13:14.000010"), second("272:59:55"), second(null), second("27aaaa2:59:55");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("14 14 55 <nil> <nil>"))

	// for microsecond
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT microsecond("12:00:00.123456"), microsecond("12:00:00.000010"), microsecond(null), microsecond("27aaaa2:59:55");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("123456 10 <nil> <nil>"))

	// for period_add
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT period_add(200807, 2), period_add(200807, -2);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("200809 200805"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT period_add(NULL, 2), period_add(-191, NULL), period_add(NULL, NULL), period_add(12.09, -2), period_add("200207aa", "1aa");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> 200010 200208"))
	for _, errPeriod := range []string{
		"period_add(0, 20)", "period_add(0, 0)", "period_add(-1, 1)", "period_add(200013, 1)", "period_add(-200012, 1)", "period_add('', '')",
	} {
		err := tk.QueryToErr(fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %v;", errPeriod))
		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "[expression:1210]Incorrect arguments to period_add")
	}

	// for period_diff
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT period_diff(200807, 200705), period_diff(200807, 200908);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("14 -13"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT period_diff(NULL, 2), period_diff(-191, NULL), period_diff(NULL, NULL), period_diff(12.09, 2), period_diff("12aa", "11aa");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> 10 1"))
	for _, errPeriod := range []string{
		"period_diff(-00013,1)", "period_diff(00013,1)", "period_diff(0, 0)", "period_diff(200013, 1)", "period_diff(5612, 4513)", "period_diff('', '')",
	} {
		err := tk.QueryToErr(fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %v;", errPeriod))
		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "[expression:1210]Incorrect arguments to period_diff")
	}

	// TODO: fix `CAST(xx as duration)` and release the test below:
	// result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT hour("aaa"), hour(123456), hour(1234567);`)
	// result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT minute("aaa"), minute(123456), minute(1234567);`)
	// result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT second("aaa"), second(123456), second(1234567);`)
	// result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT microsecond("aaa"), microsecond(123456), microsecond(1234567);`)

	// for time_format
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('150:02:28', '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("150:02:28 AM"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('bad string', '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT(null, '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT(123, '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:01:23 AM"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('24:00:00', '%r');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12:00:00 AM"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('25:00:00', '%r');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:00:00 AM"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('24:00:00', '%l %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12 AM"))

	// for date_format
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2017-06-15', '%W %M %e %Y %r %y');`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("Thursday June 15 2017 12:00:00 AM 17"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT DATE_FORMAT(151113102019.12, '%W %M %e %Y %r %y');`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("Friday November 13 2015 10:20:19 AM 15"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT DATE_FORMAT('0000-00-00', '%W %M %e %Y %r %y');`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT DATE_FORMAT('0', '%W %M %e %Y %r %y'), DATE_FORMAT('0.0', '%W %M %e %Y %r %y'), DATE_FORMAT(0, 0);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> 0"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect time value: '0'",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0.0'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT DATE_FORMAT(0, '%W %M %e %Y %r %y'), DATE_FORMAT(0.0, '%W %M %e %Y %r %y');`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.Rows())

	// for yearweek
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select yearweek("2014-12-27"), yearweek("2014-29-27"), yearweek("2014-00-27"), yearweek("2014-12-27 12:38:32"), yearweek("2014-12-27 12:38:32.1111111"), yearweek("2014-12-27 12:90:32"), yearweek("2014-12-27 89:38:32.1111111");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("201451 <nil> <nil> 201451 201451 <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select yearweek(12121), yearweek(1.00009), yearweek("aaaaa"), yearweek(""), yearweek(NULL);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select yearweek("0000-00-00"), yearweek("2019-01-29", "aa"), yearweek("2011-01-01", null);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 201904 201052"))

	// for dayOfWeek, dayOfMonth, dayOfYear
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfWeek(null), dayOfWeek("2017-08-12"), dayOfWeek("0000-00-00"), dayOfWeek("2017-00-00"), dayOfWeek("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfWeek("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 7 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfYear(null), dayOfYear("2017-08-12"), dayOfYear("0000-00-00"), dayOfYear("2017-00-00"), dayOfYear("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfYear("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 224 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfMonth(null), dayOfMonth("2017-08-12"), dayOfMonth("0000-00-00"), dayOfMonth("2017-00-00"), dayOfMonth("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfMonth("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 12 0 0 0 0"))

	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'NO_ZERO_DATE'")
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfWeek(null), dayOfWeek("2017-08-12"), dayOfWeek("0000-00-00"), dayOfWeek("2017-00-00"), dayOfWeek("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfWeek("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 7 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfYear(null), dayOfYear("2017-08-12"), dayOfYear("0000-00-00"), dayOfYear("2017-00-00"), dayOfYear("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfYear("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 224 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayOfMonth(null), dayOfMonth("2017-08-12"), dayOfMonth("0000-00-00"), dayOfMonth("2017-00-00"), dayOfMonth("0000-00-00 12:12:12"), dayOfMonth("2017-00-00 12:12:12")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> 12 <nil> 0 0 0"))

	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a bigint)`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t value(1)`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'")

	_, err = tk.Exec("insert into t value(dayOfWeek('0000-00-00'))")
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err), "%v", err)
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = dayOfWeek("0000-00-00")`)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = dayOfWeek(123)`)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(dayOfMonth('2017-00-00'))")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(dayOfMonth('0000-00-00'))")
	tk.MustExec(`update t set a = dayOfMonth("0000-00-00")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'NO_ZERO_DATE';")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(dayOfMonth('0000-00-00'))")
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").CheckContain("Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'")
	tk.MustExec(`update t set a = dayOfMonth("0000-00-00")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'NO_ZERO_DATE,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES';")
	_, err = tk.Exec("insert into t value(dayOfMonth('0000-00-00'))")
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(0)")
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = dayOfMonth("0000-00-00")`)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = dayOfMonth(123)`)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	_, err = tk.Exec("insert into t value(dayOfYear('0000-00-00'))")
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = dayOfYear("0000-00-00")`)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = dayOfYear(123)`)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = ''")

	// for unix_timestamp
	tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = '+00:00';")
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 00:00:00.000001');").Check(testkit.Rows("0.000000"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 00:00:00.999999');").Check(testkit.Rows("0.000000"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 00:00:01.000000');").Check(testkit.Rows("1.000000"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999');").Check(testkit.Rows("2147483647.999999"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 03:14:08.000000');").Check(testkit.Rows("2147483648.000000"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('3001-01-18 23:59:59.999999');").Check(testkit.Rows("32536771199.999999"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('3001-01-19 00:00:00.000000');").Check(testkit.Rows("0.000000"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(151113);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447372800"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(20151113);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447372800"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(151113102019);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(151113102019e0);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(15111310201912e-2);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.120000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(151113102019.12);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.12"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(151113102019.1234567);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.123457"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(20151113102019);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2015-11-13 10:20:19');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2015-11-13 10:20:19.012');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.012"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 00:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1969-12-31 23:59:59');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-13-01 00:00:00');")
	// FIXME: MySQL returns 0 here.
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2147483647.999999"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('3001-01-18 23:59:59.999999');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("32536771199.999999"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('3001-01-19 00:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(0);")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	// result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(-1);")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	// result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(12345);")
	// result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2017-01-01')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1483228800"))
	// Test different time zone.
	tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = '+08:00';")
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 00:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1970-01-01 08:00:00');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2015-11-13 18:20:19.012'), UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2015-11-13 18:20:19.0123');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1447410019.012 1447410019.0123"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 11:14:07.999999');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2147483647.999999"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT('bad string', '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT(null, '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("SELECT TIME_FORMAT(123, '%H:%i:%s %p');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:01:23 AM"))

	// for monthname
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a varchar(10))`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t value("abc")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'")

	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(monthname('0000-00-00'))")
	tk.MustExec(`update t set a = monthname("0000-00-00")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'NO_ZERO_DATE'")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(monthname('0000-00-00'))")
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").CheckContain("Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'")
	tk.MustExec(`update t set a = monthname("0000-00-00")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = ''")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t value(monthname('0000-00-00'))")
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE'")
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = monthname("0000-00-00")`)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = monthname(123)`)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select monthname("2017-12-01"), monthname("0000-00-00"), monthname("0000-01-00"), monthname("0000-01-00 00:00:00")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("December <nil> January January"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").CheckContain("Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'")

	// for dayname
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a varchar(10))`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t value("abc")`)
	tk.MustExec("set sql_mode = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'")

	_, err = tk.Exec("insert into t value(dayname('0000-00-00'))")
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`update t set a = dayname("0000-00-00")`)
	require.True(t, types.ErrWrongValue.Equal(err))
	_, err = tk.Exec(`delete from t where a = dayname(123)`)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select dayname("2017-12-01"), dayname("0000-00-00"), dayname("0000-01-00"), dayname("0000-01-00 00:00:00")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("Friday <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings").Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00.000000'",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-01-00 00:00:00.000000'",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-01-00 00:00:00.000000'"))
	// for dayname implicit cast to boolean and real
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-07')`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-07') is true`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-07') is false`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-08')`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-08') is true`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select 1 from dual where dayname('2016-03-08') is false`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows())
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select cast(dayname("2016-03-07") as double), cast(dayname("2016-03-08") as double)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0 1"))

	// for sec_to_time
	result = tk.MustQuery("select sec_to_time(NULL)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select sec_to_time(2378), sec_to_time(3864000), sec_to_time(-3864000)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:39:38 838:59:59 -838:59:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select sec_to_time(86401.4), sec_to_time(-86401.4), sec_to_time(864014e-1), sec_to_time(-864014e-1), sec_to_time('86401.4'), sec_to_time('-86401.4')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("24:00:01.4 -24:00:01.4 24:00:01.400000 -24:00:01.400000 24:00:01.400000 -24:00:01.400000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select sec_to_time(86401.54321), sec_to_time(86401.543212345)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("24:00:01.54321 24:00:01.543212"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select sec_to_time('123.4'), sec_to_time('123.4567891'), sec_to_time('123')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:02:03.400000 00:02:03.456789 00:02:03.000000"))

	// for time_to_sec
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time_to_sec(NULL)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time_to_sec('22:23:00'), time_to_sec('00:39:38'), time_to_sec('23:00'), time_to_sec('00:00'), time_to_sec('00:00:00'), time_to_sec('23:59:59')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("80580 2378 82800 0 0 86399"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time_to_sec('1:0'), time_to_sec('1:00'), time_to_sec('1:0:0'), time_to_sec('-02:00'), time_to_sec('-02:00:05'), time_to_sec('020005')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("3600 3600 3600 -7200 -7205 7205"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time_to_sec('20171222020005'), time_to_sec(020005), time_to_sec(20171222020005), time_to_sec(171222020005)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("7205 7205 7205 7205"))

	// for str_to_date
	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('01-01-2017', '%d-%m-%Y'), str_to_date('59:20:12 01-01-2017', '%s:%i:%H %d-%m-%Y'), str_to_date('59:20:12', '%s:%i:%H')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-01 2017-01-01 12:20:59 12:20:59"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('aaa01-01-2017', 'aaa%d-%m-%Y'), str_to_date('59:20:12 aaa01-01-2017', '%s:%i:%H aaa%d-%m-%Y'), str_to_date('59:20:12aaa', '%s:%i:%Haaa')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-01-01 2017-01-01 12:20:59 12:20:59"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('01-01-2017', '%d'), str_to_date('59', '%d-%Y')")
	// TODO: MySQL returns "<nil> <nil>".
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0000-00-01 <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("show warnings")
	result.Sort().Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|",
		"Warning|1292|Incorrect datetime value: '0000-00-00 00:00:00'",
		"Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect datetime value: '01-01-2017'"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('2018-6-1', '%Y-%m-%d'), str_to_date('2018-6-1', '%Y-%c-%d'), str_to_date('59:20:1', '%s:%i:%k'), str_to_date('59:20:1', '%s:%i:%l')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2018-06-01 2018-06-01 01:20:59 01:20:59"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('2020-07-04 11:22:33 PM c', '%Y-%m-%d %r')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2020-07-04 23:22:33"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("show warnings")
	result.Check(testkit.RowsWithSep("|", "Warning|1292|Truncated incorrect datetime value: '2020-07-04 11:22:33 PM c'"))

	result = tk.MustQuery("select str_to_date('11:22:33 PM', ' %r')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("23:22:33"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("show warnings")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows())

	// for maketime
	tk.MustExec(`drop table if exists t`)
	tk.MustExec(`create table t(a double, b float, c decimal(10,4));`)
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t value(1.23, 2.34, 3.1415)`)
	result = tk.MustQuery("select maketime(1,1,a), maketime(2,2,b), maketime(3,3,c) from t;")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("01:01:01.230000 02:02:02.340000 03:03:03.1415"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select maketime(12, 13, 14), maketime('12', '15', 30.1), maketime(0, 1, 59.1), maketime(0, 1, '59.1'), maketime(0, 1, 59.5)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12:13:14 12:15:30.1 00:01:59.1 00:01:59.100000 00:01:59.5"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select maketime(12, 15, 60), maketime(12, 15, '60'), maketime(12, 60, 0), maketime(12, 15, null)")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select maketime('', '', ''), maketime('h', 'm', 's');")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00.000000 00:00:00.000000"))

	// for get_format
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select GET_FORMAT(DATE,'USA'), GET_FORMAT(DATE,'JIS'), GET_FORMAT(DATE,'ISO'), GET_FORMAT(DATE,'EUR'),
	GET_FORMAT(DATE,'INTERNAL'), GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'USA') , GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'JIS'), GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'ISO'),
	GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'EUR') , GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'INTERNAL'), GET_FORMAT(TIME,'USA') , GET_FORMAT(TIME,'JIS'),
	GET_FORMAT(TIME,'ISO'), GET_FORMAT(TIME,'EUR'), GET_FORMAT(TIME,'INTERNAL')`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("%m.%d.%Y %Y-%m-%d %Y-%m-%d %d.%m.%Y %Y%m%d %Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s %Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s %Y%m%d%H%i%s %h:%i:%s %p %H:%i:%s %H:%i:%s %H.%i.%s %H%i%s"))

	// for convert_tz
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00.01", "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00.01234567", "+00:00", "+10:32");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2004-01-01 22:32:00 2004-01-01 22:32:00.01 2004-01-01 22:32:00.012346"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz(20040101, "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz(20040101.01, "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz(20040101.01234567, "+00:00", "+10:32");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2004-01-01 10:32:00 2004-01-01 10:32:00.00 2004-01-01 10:32:00.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz(NULL, "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", NULL, "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "+00:00", NULL);`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz("a", "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "a", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "+00:00", "a");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz("", "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "+00:00", "");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select convert_tz("0", "+00:00", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "0", "+10:32"), convert_tz("2004-01-01 12:00:00", "+00:00", "0");`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil> <nil> <nil>"))

	// for from_unixtime
	tk.MustExec(`set @@session.time_zone = "+08:00"`)
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select from_unixtime(20170101), from_unixtime(20170101.9999999), from_unixtime(20170101.999), from_unixtime(20170101.999, "%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x"), from_unixtime(20170101.999, "%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1970-08-22 18:48:21 1970-08-22 18:48:22.000000 1970-08-22 18:48:21.999 1970 22nd August 06:48:21 1970 1970 22nd August 06:48:21 1970"))
	tk.MustExec(`set @@session.time_zone = "+00:00"`)
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select from_unixtime(20170101), from_unixtime(20170101.9999999), from_unixtime(20170101.999), from_unixtime(20170101.999, "%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x"), from_unixtime(20170101.999, "%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1970-08-22 10:48:21 1970-08-22 10:48:22.000000 1970-08-22 10:48:21.999 1970 22nd August 10:48:21 1970 1970 22nd August 10:48:21 1970"))
	tk.MustExec(`set @@session.time_zone = @@global.time_zone`)

	// for extract
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select extract(day from '800:12:12'), extract(hour from '800:12:12'), extract(month from 20170101), extract(day_second from '2017-01-01 12:12:12')`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("12 800 1 1121212"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_microsecond from '2017-01-01 12:12:12'), extract(day_microsecond from '01 12:12:12'), extract(day_microsecond from '12:12:12'), extract(day_microsecond from '01 00:00:00.89')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1121212000000 361212000000 121212000000 240000890000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_second from '2017-01-01 12:12:12'), extract(day_second from '01 12:12:12'), extract(day_second from '12:12:12'), extract(day_second from '01 00:00:00.89')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1121212 361212 121212 240000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_minute from '2017-01-01 12:12:12'), extract(day_minute from '01 12:12:12'), extract(day_minute from '12:12:12'), extract(day_minute from '01 00:00:00.89')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("11212 3612 1212 2400"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_hour from '2017-01-01 12:12:12'), extract(day_hour from '01 12:12:12'), extract(day_hour from '12:12:12'), extract(day_hour from '01 00:00:00.89')")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("112 36 12 24"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_microsecond from cast('2017-01-01 12:12:12' as datetime)), extract(day_second from cast('2017-01-01 12:12:12' as datetime)), extract(day_minute from cast('2017-01-01 12:12:12' as datetime)), extract(day_hour from cast('2017-01-01 12:12:12' as datetime))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1121212000000 1121212 11212 112"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_microsecond from cast(20010101020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_second from cast(20010101020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_minute from cast(20010101020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_hour from cast(20010101020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day from cast(20010101020304.050607 as decimal(20,6)))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1020304050607 1020304 10203 102 1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select extract(day_microsecond from cast(1020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_second from cast(1020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_minute from cast(1020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day_hour from cast(1020304.050607 as decimal(20,6))), extract(day from cast(1020304.050607 as decimal(20,6)))")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1020304050607 1020304 10203 102 4"))

	// for adddate, subdate
	dateArithmeticalTests := []struct {
		Date      string
		Interval  string
		Unit      string
		AddResult string
		SubResult string
	}{
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "1", "DAY", "2011-11-12", "2011-11-10"},
		{"NULL", "1", "DAY", "<nil>", "<nil>"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "NULL", "DAY", "<nil>", "<nil>"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "1000", "MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:10.001000", "2011-11-11 10:10:09.999000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10\"", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:20", "2011-11-11 10:10:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10\"", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 10:20:10", "2011-11-11 10:00:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10\"", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 20:10:10", "2011-11-11 00:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11\"", "DAY", "2011-11-22 10:10:10", "2011-10-31 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"2\"", "WEEK", "2011-11-25 10:10:10", "2011-10-28 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"2\"", "MONTH", "2012-01-11 10:10:10", "2011-09-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"4\"", "QUARTER", "2012-11-11 10:10:10", "2010-11-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"2\"", "YEAR", "2013-11-11 10:10:10", "2009-11-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10.00100000\"", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:20.100000", "2011-11-11 10:09:59.900000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10.0010000000\"", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:30", "2011-11-11 10:09:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10.0010000010\"", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:30.000010", "2011-11-11 10:09:49.999990"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10:10.100\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:20:20.100000", "2011-11-11 09:59:59.900000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10:10\"", "MINUTE_SECOND", "2011-11-11 10:20:20", "2011-11-11 10:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10:10:10.100\"", "HOUR_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 20:20:20.100000", "2011-11-10 23:59:59.900000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10:10:10\"", "HOUR_SECOND", "2011-11-11 20:20:20", "2011-11-11 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"10:10\"", "HOUR_MINUTE", "2011-11-11 20:20:10", "2011-11-11 00:00:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11 10:10:10.100\"", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-22 20:20:20.100000", "2011-10-30 23:59:59.900000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11 10:10:10\"", "DAY_SECOND", "2011-11-22 20:20:20", "2011-10-31 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11 10:10\"", "DAY_MINUTE", "2011-11-22 20:20:10", "2011-10-31 00:00:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11 10\"", "DAY_HOUR", "2011-11-22 20:10:10", "2011-10-31 00:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11-1\"", "YEAR_MONTH", "2022-12-11 10:10:10", "2000-10-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"11-11\"", "YEAR_MONTH", "2023-10-11 10:10:10", "1999-12-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"20\"", "DAY", "2011-12-01 10:10:10", "2011-10-22 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "19.88", "DAY", "2011-12-01 10:10:10", "2011-10-22 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"19.88\"", "DAY", "2011-11-30 10:10:10", "2011-10-23 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"prefix19suffix\"", "DAY", "2011-11-11 10:10:10", "2011-11-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"20-11\"", "DAY", "2011-12-01 10:10:10", "2011-10-22 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"20,11\"", "daY", "2011-12-01 10:10:10", "2011-10-22 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"1000\"", "dAy", "2014-08-07 10:10:10", "2009-02-14 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "\"true\"", "Day", "2011-11-11 10:10:10", "2011-11-11 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 10:10:10\"", "true", "Day", "2011-11-12 10:10:10", "2011-11-10 10:10:10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "1", "DAY", "2011-11-12", "2011-11-10"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "10", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "10", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "10", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10", "2011-11-10 23:59:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10\"", "HOUR_MINUTE", "2011-11-11 10:10:00", "2011-11-10 13:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10:10\"", "HOUR_SECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:10", "2011-11-10 13:49:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10:10.101010\"", "HOUR_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 10:10:10.101010", "2011-11-10 13:49:49.898990"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10\"", "MINUTE_SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:10:10", "2011-11-10 23:49:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10.101010\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:10:10.101010", "2011-11-10 23:49:49.898990"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10.101010\"", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10.101010", "2011-11-10 23:59:49.898990"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\"", "1", "DAY", "2011-11-12 00:00:00", "2011-11-10 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\"", "10", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\"", "10", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\"", "10", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10", "2011-11-10 23:59:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11 00:00:00.500\"", "500000", "MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:01", "2011-11-11 00:00:00"},

		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"abc1000\"", "MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:00", "2011-11-11 00:00:00"},
		{"\"20111111 10:10:10\"", "\"1\"", "DAY", "<nil>", "<nil>"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10\"", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:00.100000", "2011-11-10 23:59:59.900000"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10.0000\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10", "2011-11-10 23:59:50"},
		{"\"2011-11-11\"", "\"10:10:10\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:10:10.100000", "2011-11-10 23:49:49.900000"},

		{"cast(\"2011-11-11\" as datetime)", "\"10:10:10\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:10:10.100000", "2011-11-10 23:49:49.900000"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11\" as datetime)", "\"1000000\"", "MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:01.000000", "2011-11-10 23:59:59.000000"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "1", "DAY", "2011-11-12 00:00:00", "2011-11-10 00:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "10", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "10", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "10", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10", "2011-11-10 23:59:50"},

		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "\"1\"", "DAY", "2011-11-12 00:00:00", "2011-11-10 00:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "\"10\"", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "\"10\"", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as datetime)", "\"10\"", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10.000000", "2011-11-10 23:59:50.000000"},

		{"cast(\"2011-11-11\" as date)", "\"10:10:10\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:10:10.100000", "2011-11-10 23:49:49.900000"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11\" as date)", "\"1000000\"", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:01.000000", "2011-11-10 23:59:59.000000"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "1", "DAY", "2011-11-12", "2011-11-10"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "10", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "10", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "10", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10", "2011-11-10 23:59:50"},

		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "\"1\"", "DAY", "2011-11-12", "2011-11-10"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "\"10\"", "HOUR", "2011-11-11 10:00:00", "2011-11-10 14:00:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "\"10\"", "MINUTE", "2011-11-11 00:10:00", "2011-11-10 23:50:00"},
		{"cast(\"2011-11-11 00:00:00\" as date)", "\"10\"", "SECOND", "2011-11-11 00:00:10.000000", "2011-11-10 23:59:50.000000"},

		// interval decimal support
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "YEAR_MONTH", "2021-11-01 00:00:00", "2000-03-01 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "DAY_HOUR", "2011-01-11 10:00:00", "2010-12-21 14:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "HOUR_MINUTE", "2011-01-01 10:10:00", "2010-12-31 13:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "DAY_MINUTE", "2011-01-01 10:10:00", "2010-12-31 13:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "DAY_SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:10:10", "2010-12-31 23:49:50"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "HOUR_SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:10:10", "2010-12-31 23:49:50"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "MINUTE_SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:10:10", "2010-12-31 23:49:50"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:10.100000", "2010-12-31 23:59:49.900000"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "HOUR_MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:10.100000", "2010-12-31 23:59:49.900000"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "MINUTE_MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:10.100000", "2010-12-31 23:59:49.900000"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "SECOND_MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:10.100000", "2010-12-31 23:59:49.900000"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "YEAR", "2021-01-01 00:00:00", "2001-01-01 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "QUARTER", "2013-07-01 00:00:00", "2008-07-01 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "MONTH", "2011-11-01 00:00:00", "2010-03-01 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "WEEK", "2011-03-12 00:00:00", "2010-10-23 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "DAY", "2011-01-11 00:00:00", "2010-12-22 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "HOUR", "2011-01-01 10:00:00", "2010-12-31 14:00:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "MINUTE", "2011-01-01 00:10:00", "2010-12-31 23:50:00"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:10.100000", "2010-12-31 23:59:49.900000"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.10", "MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:00.000010", "2010-12-31 23:59:59.999990"},
		{"\"2011-01-01 00:00:00\"", "10.90", "MICROSECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:00.000011", "2010-12-31 23:59:59.999989"},
		{"cast(\"2011-01-01\" as date)", "1.1", "SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:01.1", "2010-12-31 23:59:58.9"},
		{"cast(\"2011-01-01\" as datetime)", "1.1", "SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:01.1", "2010-12-31 23:59:58.9"},
		{"cast(\"2011-01-01\" as datetime(3))", "1.1", "SECOND", "2011-01-01 00:00:01.100", "2010-12-31 23:59:58.900"},

		{"\"2009-01-01\"", "6/4", "HOUR_MINUTE", "2009-01-04 12:20:00", "2008-12-28 11:40:00"},
		{"\"2009-01-01\"", "6/0", "HOUR_MINUTE", "<nil>", "<nil>"},
		{"\"1970-01-01 12:00:00\"", "CAST(6/4 AS DECIMAL(3,1))", "HOUR_MINUTE", "1970-01-01 13:05:00", "1970-01-01 10:55:00"},
		// for issue #8077
		{"\"2012-01-02\"", "\"prefix8\"", "HOUR", "2012-01-02 00:00:00", "2012-01-02 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2012-01-02\"", "\"prefix8prefix\"", "HOUR", "2012-01-02 00:00:00", "2012-01-02 00:00:00"},
		{"\"2012-01-02\"", "\"8:00\"", "HOUR", "2012-01-02 08:00:00", "2012-01-01 16:00:00"},
		{"\"2012-01-02\"", "\"8:00:00\"", "HOUR", "2012-01-02 08:00:00", "2012-01-01 16:00:00"},
	}
	for _, tc := range dateArithmeticalTests {
		addDate := fmt.Sprintf("select adddate(%s, interval %s %s);", tc.Date, tc.Interval, tc.Unit)
		subDate := fmt.Sprintf("select subdate(%s, interval %s %s);", tc.Date, tc.Interval, tc.Unit)
		result = tk.MustQuery(addDate)
		result.Check(testkit.Rows(tc.AddResult))
		result = tk.MustQuery(subDate)
		result.Check(testkit.Rows(tc.SubResult))
	}

	// Customized check for the cases of adddate(time, ...) - it returns datetime with current date padded.
	// 1. Check if the result contains space, that is, it must contain YMD part.
	// 2. Check if the result's suffix matches expected, that is, the HMS part is an exact match.
	checkHmsMatch := func(actual []string, expected []any) bool {
		return strings.Contains(actual[0], " ") && strings.HasSuffix(actual[0], expected[0].(string))
	}

	// for date_add/sub(duration, ...)
	dateAddSubDurationAnyTests := []struct {
		Date         string
		Interval     string
		Unit         string
		AddResult    string
		SubResult    string
		checkHmsOnly bool // Duration + day returns datetime with current date padded, only check HMS part for them.
	}{
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "'1000'", "MICROSECOND", "01:02:03.001000", "01:02:02.999000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1000", "MICROSECOND", "01:02:03.001000", "01:02:02.999000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "'1'", "SECOND", "01:02:04.000000", "01:02:02.000000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "SECOND", "01:02:04", "01:02:02", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "'1.1'", "SECOND", "01:02:04.100000", "01:02:01.900000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1.1", "SECOND", "01:02:04.1", "01:02:01.9", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time(3))", "1.1", "SECOND", "01:02:04.100", "01:02:01.900", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "cast(1.1 as decimal(10, 3))", "SECOND", "01:02:04.100", "01:02:01.900", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "cast('1.5' as double)", "SECOND", "01:02:04.500000", "01:02:01.500000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "01:02:03.100000", "01:02:02.900000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1.1", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "01:02:04.100000", "01:02:01.900000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "100", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "01:02:03.100000", "01:02:02.900000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1000000", "DAY_MICROSECOND", "01:02:04.000000", "01:02:02.000000", false},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "DAY_SECOND", "01:02:04", "01:02:02", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1.1", "DAY_SECOND", "01:03:04", "01:01:02", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "DAY_MINUTE", "01:03:03", "01:01:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1.1", "DAY_MINUTE", "02:03:03", "00:01:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "DAY_HOUR", "02:02:03", "00:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1.1", "DAY_HOUR", "02:02:03", "00:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "DAY", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "WEEK", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "MONTH", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "QUARTER", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "YEAR", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
		{"cast('01:02:03' as time)", "1", "YEAR_MONTH", "01:02:03", "01:02:03", true},
	}
	for _, tc := range dateAddSubDurationAnyTests {
		addDate := fmt.Sprintf("select date_add(%s, interval %s %s);", tc.Date, tc.Interval, tc.Unit)
		subDate := fmt.Sprintf("select date_sub(%s, interval %s %s);", tc.Date, tc.Interval, tc.Unit)
		if tc.checkHmsOnly {
			result = tk.MustQuery(addDate)
			result.CheckWithFunc(testkit.Rows(tc.AddResult), checkHmsMatch)
			result = tk.MustQuery(subDate)
			result.CheckWithFunc(testkit.Rows(tc.SubResult), checkHmsMatch)
		} else {
			result = tk.MustQuery(addDate)
			result.Check(testkit.Rows(tc.AddResult))
			result = tk.MustQuery(subDate)
			result.Check(testkit.Rows(tc.SubResult))
		}
	}

	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-31 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(null as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast(null as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast("xxx" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-02-01 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast("xxx" as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast(20000101 as SIGNED), cast("1" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("1999-12-31"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast(20000101 as SIGNED), cast("xxx" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-01"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast("abc" as SIGNED), cast("1" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast(null as SIGNED), cast("1" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select subdate(cast(20000101 as SIGNED), cast(null as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-02-02 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(null as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast(null as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast("xxx" as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-02-01 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("xxx" as datetime), cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(1 as SIGNED))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-02-02 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast(null as SIGNED))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast(null as datetime), cast(1 as SIGNED))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("2000-02-01" as datetime), cast("xxx" as SIGNED))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2000-02-01 00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast("xxx" as datetime), cast(1 as SIGNED))`).Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(20100101, cast(1 as decimal))`).Check(testkit.Rows("2010-01-02"))
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast('10:10:10' as time), 1)`).CheckWithFunc(testkit.Rows("10:10:10"), checkHmsMatch)
	tk.MustQuery(`select adddate(cast('10:10:10' as time), cast(1 as decimal))`).CheckWithFunc(testkit.Rows("10:10:10"), checkHmsMatch)

	// for localtime, localtimestamp
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select localtime() = now(), localtime = now(), localtimestamp() = now(), localtimestamp = now()`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 1"))

	// for current_timestamp, current_timestamp()
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select current_timestamp() = now(), current_timestamp = now()`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1 1"))

	// for tidb_parse_tso
	tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = '+00:00';")
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_parse_tso(404411537129996288)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2018-11-20 09:53:04.877000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_parse_tso("404411537129996288")`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2018-11-20 09:53:04.877000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_parse_tso(1)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_parse_tso(0)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_parse_tso(-1)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))

	// for tidb_parse_tso_logical
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(404411537129996288)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(404411537129996289)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(404411537129996290)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`SELECT TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(-1)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))

	// for tidb_bounded_staleness
	tk.MustExec("SET time_zone = '+00:00';")
	tt := time.Now().UTC()
	ts := oracle.GoTimeToTS(tt)
	tidbBoundedStalenessTests := []struct {
		sql          string
		injectSafeTS uint64
		expect       string
	}{
		{
			sql:          `select tidb_bounded_staleness(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND), DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND))`,
			injectSafeTS: ts,
			expect:       tt.Format(types.TimeFSPFormat[:len(types.TimeFSPFormat)-3]),
		},
		{
			sql: `select tidb_bounded_staleness("2021-04-27 12:00:00.000", "2021-04-27 13:00:00.000")`,
			injectSafeTS: func() uint64 {
				tt, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05.000", "2021-04-27 13:30:04.877")
				require.NoError(t, err)
				return oracle.GoTimeToTS(tt)
			}(),
			expect: "2021-04-27 13:00:00.000",
		},
		{
			sql: `select tidb_bounded_staleness("2021-04-27 12:00:00.000", "2021-04-27 13:00:00.000")`,
			injectSafeTS: func() uint64 {
				tt, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05.000", "2021-04-27 11:30:04.877")
				require.NoError(t, err)
				return oracle.GoTimeToTS(tt)
			}(),
			expect: "2021-04-27 12:00:00.000",
		},
		{
			sql:          `select tidb_bounded_staleness("2021-04-27 12:00:00.000", "2021-04-27 11:00:00.000")`,
			injectSafeTS: 0,
			expect:       "<nil>",
		},
		// Time is too small.
		{
			sql:          `select tidb_bounded_staleness("0020-04-27 12:00:00.000", "2021-04-27 11:00:00.000")`,
			injectSafeTS: 0,
			expect:       "1970-01-01 00:00:00.000",
		},
		// Wrong value.
		{
			sql:          `select tidb_bounded_staleness(1, 2)`,
			injectSafeTS: 0,
			expect:       "<nil>",
		},
		{
			sql:          `select tidb_bounded_staleness("invalid_time_1", "invalid_time_2")`,
			injectSafeTS: 0,
			expect:       "<nil>",
		},
	}
	for _, test := range tidbBoundedStalenessTests {
		require.NoError(t, failpoint.Enable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/expression/injectSafeTS",
			fmt.Sprintf("return(%v)", test.injectSafeTS)))
		tk.MustQuery(test.sql).Check(testkit.Rows(test.expect))
	}
	failpoint.Disable("github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/expression/injectSafeTS")
	// test whether tidb_bounded_staleness is deterministic
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_bounded_staleness(NOW(), DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND)), tidb_bounded_staleness(NOW(), DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND))`)
	require.Len(t, result.Rows()[0], 2)
	require.Equal(t, result.Rows()[0][0], result.Rows()[0][1])
	preResult := result.Rows()[0][0]
	time.Sleep(time.Second)
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select tidb_bounded_staleness(NOW(), DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND)), tidb_bounded_staleness(NOW(), DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 600 SECOND))`)
	require.Len(t, result.Rows()[0], 2)
	require.Equal(t, result.Rows()[0][0], result.Rows()[0][1])
	require.NotEqual(t, preResult, result.Rows()[0][0])

	// fix issue 10308
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time(\"- -\");")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings;").Check(testkit.Rows("Warning 1292 Truncated incorrect time value: '- -'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time(\"---1\");")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings;").Check(testkit.Rows("Warning 1292 Truncated incorrect time value: '---1'"))
	result = tk.MustQuery("select time(\"-- --1\");")
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00"))
	tk.MustQuery("show warnings;").Check(testkit.Rows("Warning 1292 Truncated incorrect time value: '-- --1'"))

	// fix issue #15185
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(11111.1111)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-11-11 00:00:00.0000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(11111.1111 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2001-11-11 00:00:00.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(1021121141105.4324)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0102-11-21 14:11:05.4324"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(1021121141105.4324 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0102-11-21 14:11:05.43240"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(21121141105.101)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2002-11-21 14:11:05.101"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(21121141105.101 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2002-11-21 14:11:05.10100"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(1121141105.799055)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-11-21 14:11:05.799055"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(1121141105.799055 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-11-21 14:11:05.79906"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(121141105.123)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-21 14:11:05.123"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(121141105.123 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-21 14:11:05.12300"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(1141105)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0114-11-05 00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(1141105 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("0114-11-05 00:00:00.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(41105.11)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2004-11-05 00:00:00.00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(41105.11 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2004-11-05 00:00:00.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(1105.3)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-11-05 00:00:00.0"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(1105.3 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-11-05 00:00:00.00000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(105)`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-05 00:00:00"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select timestamp(cast(105 as decimal(60, 5)))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2000-01-05 00:00:00.00000"))

	// fix issues #52262
	// date time
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -(DATE_ADD(DATE('2017-11-12 08:48:25'), INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20171112000000.100000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct (DATE_ADD(DATE('2017-11-12 08:48:25'), INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-11-12 00:00:00.100000"))
	// duration
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -cast(0.1 as time(1))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-0.1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct cast(0.1 as time(1))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("00:00:00.1"))
	// date
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -(DATE('2017-11-12 08:48:25.123'))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20171112"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct (DATE('2017-11-12 08:48:25.123'))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-11-12"))
	// timestamp
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct (Timestamp('2017-11-12 08:48:25.1'))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("2017-11-12 08:48:25.1"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -(Timestamp('2017-11-12 08:48:25.1'))`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20171112084825.1"))

	tk.MustExec("create table t2(a DATETIME, b Timestamp, c TIME, d DATE)")
	tk.MustExec(`insert into t2 values("2000-1-1 08:48:25.123", "2000-1-2 08:48:25.1", "11:11:12.1", "2000-1-3 08:48:25.1")`)
	tk.MustExec("insert into t2 (select * from t2)")

	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -((a+ INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND)) from t2;`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20000101084825.100000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -((b+ INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND)) from t2;`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20000102084825.100000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -((c+ INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND)) from t2;`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-111112.100000"))
	result = tk.MustQuery(`select distinct -((d+ INTERVAL 1 HOUR_MICROSECOND)) from t2;`)
	result.Check(testkit.Rows("-20000103000000.100000"))

	tk.MustExec("drop table t2")
}

func TestSetVariables(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	_, err := tk.Exec("set sql_mode='adfasdfadsfdasd';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@sql_mode='adfasdfadsfdasd';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@global.sql_mode='adfasdfadsfdasd';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@session.sql_mode='adfasdfadsfdasd';")
	require.Error(t, err)

	var r *testkit.Result
	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@session.sql_mode=',NO_ZERO_DATE,ANSI,ANSI_QUOTES';")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	r = tk.MustQuery(`select @@session.sql_mode`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("NO_ZERO_DATE,REAL_AS_FLOAT,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES,IGNORE_SPACE,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,ANSI"))
	r = tk.MustQuery(`show variables like 'sql_mode'`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("sql_mode NO_ZERO_DATE,REAL_AS_FLOAT,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES,IGNORE_SPACE,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,ANSI"))

	// for invalid SQL mode.
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists tab0")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE tab0(col1 time)")
	_, err = tk.Exec("set sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES';")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("INSERT INTO tab0 select cast('999:44:33' as time);")
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "[types:1292]Truncated incorrect time value: '999:44:33'")
	_, err = tk.Exec("set sql_mode=' ,';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("INSERT INTO tab0 select cast('999:44:33' as time);")
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "[types:1292]Truncated incorrect time value: '999:44:33'")

	// issue #5478
	_, err = tk.Exec("set session transaction read write;")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("set global transaction read write;")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	r = tk.MustQuery(`select @@session.tx_read_only, @@global.tx_read_only, @@session.transaction_read_only, @@global.transaction_read_only;`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0 0 0"))

	_, err = tk.Exec("set session transaction read only;")
	require.Error(t, err)

	_, err = tk.Exec("start transaction read only;")
	require.Error(t, err)

	_, err = tk.Exec("set tidb_enable_noop_functions=1")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	tk.MustExec("set session transaction read only;")
	tk.MustExec("start transaction read only;")

	r = tk.MustQuery(`select @@session.tx_read_only, @@global.tx_read_only, @@session.transaction_read_only, @@global.transaction_read_only;`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("1 0 1 0"))
	_, err = tk.Exec("set global transaction read only;")
	require.Error(t, err)
	tk.MustExec("set global tidb_enable_noop_functions=1;")
	tk.MustExec("set global transaction read only;")
	r = tk.MustQuery(`select @@session.tx_read_only, @@global.tx_read_only, @@session.transaction_read_only, @@global.transaction_read_only;`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("1 1 1 1"))

	_, err = tk.Exec("set session transaction read write;")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = tk.Exec("set global transaction read write;")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	r = tk.MustQuery(`select @@session.tx_read_only, @@global.tx_read_only, @@session.transaction_read_only, @@global.transaction_read_only;`)
	r.Check(testkit.Rows("0 0 0 0"))

	// reset
	tk.MustExec("set tidb_enable_noop_functions=0")
	tk.MustExec("set global tidb_enable_noop_functions=1")

	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@global.max_user_connections='';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, variable.ErrWrongTypeForVar.GenWithStackByArgs("max_user_connections").Error())
	_, err = tk.Exec("set @@global.max_prepared_stmt_count='';")
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.ErrorContains(t, err, variable.ErrWrongTypeForVar.GenWithStackByArgs("max_prepared_stmt_count").Error())

	// Previously global values were cached. This is incorrect.
	// See: https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/24368
	tk.MustQuery("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'max_connections'").Check(testkit.Rows("max_connections 0"))
	tk.MustExec("SET GLOBAL max_connections=1234")
	tk.MustQuery("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'max_connections'").Check(testkit.Rows("max_connections 1234"))
	// restore
	tk.MustExec("SET GLOBAL max_connections=0")
}

func TestPreparePlanCacheOnCachedTable(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("set tidb_enable_prepared_plan_cache=ON")
	tk.Session()

	var err error
	se, err := session.CreateSession4TestWithOpt(store, &session.Opt{
		PreparedPlanCache: plannercore.NewLRUPlanCache(100, 0.1, math.MaxUint64, tk.Session(), false),
	})
	require.NoError(t, err)
	tk.SetSession(se)

	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int);")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t cache")

	var readFromTableCache bool
	for range 50 {
		tk.MustQuery("select * from t where a = 1")
		if tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.ReadFromTableCache {
			readFromTableCache = true
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	require.True(t, readFromTableCache)
	// already read cache after reading first time
	tk.MustExec("prepare stmt from 'select * from t where a = ?';")
	tk.MustExec("set @a = 1;")
	tk.MustExec("execute stmt using @a;")
	tk.MustQuery("select @@last_plan_from_cache;").Check(testkit.Rows("0"))
	tk.MustExec("execute stmt using @a;")
	readFromTableCache = tk.Session().GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.ReadFromTableCache
	require.True(t, readFromTableCache)
	tk.MustQuery("select @@last_plan_from_cache;").Check(testkit.Rows("1"))
}

func TestIssue16205(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("set tidb_enable_prepared_plan_cache=ON")
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("prepare stmt from 'select random_bytes(3)'")
	rows1 := tk.MustQuery("execute stmt").Rows()
	require.Len(t, rows1, 1)
	rows2 := tk.MustQuery("execute stmt").Rows()
	require.Len(t, rows2, 1)
	require.NotEqual(t, rows1[0][0].(string), rows2[0][0].(string))
}

func calculateChecksum(cols ...any) string {
	buf := make([]byte, 0, 64)
	for _, col := range cols {
		switch x := col.(type) {
		case int:
			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, uint64(x))
		case string:
			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint32(buf, uint32(len(x)))
			buf = append(buf, []byte(x)...)
		}
	}
	checksum := crc32.ChecksumIEEE(buf)
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", checksum)
}

func TestTiDBRowChecksumBuiltinAfterDropColumn(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("set global tidb_enable_row_level_checksum = 1")
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int primary key, b int, c int)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values(1, 1, 1)")

	oldChecksum := tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where a = 1").Rows()[0][0].(string)

	tk.MustExec("alter table t drop column b")
	newChecksum := tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where a = 1").Rows()[0][0].(string)

	require.NotEqual(t, oldChecksum, newChecksum)
}

func TestTiDBRowChecksumBuiltinAfterAddColumn(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("set global tidb_enable_row_level_checksum = 1")
	tk.MustExec("use test")

	tk.MustExec("create table t(a int primary key, b int)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values(1, 1)")

	oldChecksum := tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where a = 1").Rows()[0][0].(string)
	expected := calculateChecksum(1, 1)
	require.Equal(t, expected, oldChecksum)

	tk.MustExec("alter table t add column c int default 1")
	newChecksum := tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where a = 1").Rows()[0][0].(string)
	expected = calculateChecksum(1, 1, 1)
	require.Equal(t, expected, newChecksum)

	require.NotEqual(t, oldChecksum, newChecksum)
}

func TestTiDBRowChecksumBuiltin(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)

	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("set global tidb_enable_row_level_checksum = 1")
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t (id int primary key, c int)")

	// row with 1 checksum
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (1, 10)")
	tk.MustExec("alter table t change column c c varchar(10)")
	checksum1 := calculateChecksum(1, "10")
	checksum11 := fmt.Sprintf("%d %v %v", 1, "10", checksum1)

	tk.Session().GetSessionVars().EnableRowLevelChecksum = true
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (2, '20')")
	checksum2 := calculateChecksum(2, "20")
	checksum22 := fmt.Sprintf("%d %v %v", 2, checksum2, "20")

	// row without checksum
	tk.Session().GetSessionVars().EnableRowLevelChecksum = false
	tk.MustExec("insert into t values (3, '30')")
	checksum3 := calculateChecksum(3, "30")
	checksum33 := fmt.Sprintf("%v %d %v", checksum3, 3, "30")

	// fast point-get
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where id = 1").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum1))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, c, tidb_row_checksum() from t where id = 1").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum11))

	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where id = 2").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum2))
	tk.MustQuery("select id, tidb_row_checksum(), c from t where id = 2").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum22))

	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where id = 3").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum3))
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum(), id, c from t where id = 3").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum33))

	// fast batch-point-get
	tk.MustQuery("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where id in (1, 2, 3)").Check(testkit.Rows(checksum1, checksum2, checksum3))

	tk.MustQuery("select id, c, tidb_row_checksum() from t where id in (1, 2, 3)").
		Check(testkit.Rows(
			checksum11,
			fmt.Sprintf("%d %v %v", 2, "20", checksum2),
			fmt.Sprintf("%d %v %v", 3, "30", checksum3),
		))

	// non-fast point-get
	tk.MustGetDBError("select length(tidb_row_checksum()) from t where id = 1", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)
	tk.MustGetDBError("select c from t where id = 1 and tidb_row_checksum() is not null", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)
	// non-fast batch-point-get
	tk.MustGetDBError("select length(tidb_row_checksum()) from t where id in (1, 2, 3)", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)
	tk.MustGetDBError("select c from t where id in (1, 2, 3) and tidb_row_checksum() is not null", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)

	// other plans
	tk.MustGetDBError("select tidb_row_checksum() from t", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)
	tk.MustGetDBError("select tidb_row_checksum() from t where id > 0", expression.ErrNotSupportedYet)
}

func TestIssue43527(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table test (a datetime, b bigint, c decimal(10, 2), d float)")
	tk.MustExec("insert into test values('2010-10-10 10:10:10', 100, 100.01, 100)")
	// Decimal.
	tk.MustQuery(
		"SELECT @total := @total + c FROM (SELECT c FROM test) AS temp, (SELECT @total := 200) AS T1",
	).Check(testkit.Rows("300.01"))
	// Float.
	tk.MustQuery(
		"SELECT @total := @total + d FROM (SELECT d FROM test) AS temp, (SELECT @total := 200) AS T1",
	).Check(testkit.Rows("300"))
	tk.MustExec("insert into test values('2010-10-10 10:10:10', 100, 100.01, 100)")
	// Vectorized.
	// NOTE: Because https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/8412 disabled the vectorized execution of get or set variable,
	// the following test case will not be executed in vectorized mode.
	// It will be executed in the normal mode.
	tk.MustQuery(
		"SELECT @total := @total + d FROM (SELECT d FROM test) AS temp, (SELECT @total := b FROM test) AS T1 where @total >= 100",
	).Check(testkit.Rows("200", "300", "400", "500"))
}

func TestIssue51842(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t;")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t0(c0 DOUBLE);")
	tk.MustExec("REPLACE INTO t0(c0) VALUES (0.40194983109852933);")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE VIEW v0(c0) AS SELECT CAST(')' AS TIME) FROM t0 WHERE '0.030417148673465677';")
	res := tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> 1292367147;").String() // test int
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast(123988.42132 as real);").String() // test real
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast(123988.42132 as decimal);").String() // test decimal
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast('fdasge' as char);").String() // test string
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast('10:10:10' as time);").String() // test time
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast(2024 as year);").String() // test year
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))
	res = tk.MustQuery("SELECT f1 FROM (SELECT NULLIF(v0.c0, 1371581446) AS f1 FROM v0, t0) AS t WHERE f1 <=> cast('2024-1-1 10:10:10' as datetime);").String() // test datetime
	require.Equal(t, 0, len(res))

	// Test issue 56744
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists lrr;")
	tk.MustExec("create table lrr(`COL1` time DEFAULT NULL,`COL2` time DEFAULT NULL);")
	tk.MustExec("insert into lrr(col2) values('-229:53:34');")
	resultRows := tk.MustQuery("select * from lrr where col1 <=> null;").Rows() // test const null
	require.Equal(t, 1, len(resultRows))
	resultRows = tk.MustQuery("select * from lrr where null <=> col1;").Rows() // test const null
	require.Equal(t, 1, len(resultRows))
}

func TestIssue44706(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("CREATE TABLE t0(c2 BIGINT)")
	tk.MustExec("INSERT INTO t0(c2) VALUES (1)")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT MIN(t0.c2) FROM t0 WHERE false").Check(testkit.Rows("<nil>"))
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT t0.c2 FROM t0 WHERE ((-1)<=(~ ('n') = ANY (SELECT (NULL))))").Check(testkit.Rows())
	tk.MustQuery("SELECT t0.c2 FROM t0 WHERE ((-1)<=(~ ('n') = ANY (SELECT MIN(t0.c2) FROM t0 WHERE false)))").Check(testkit.Rows())
}

func TestIssue55885(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t_jg8o (c_s int not null unique ,c__qy double ,c_z int not null ,c_a90ol text not null);")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t_jg8o (c_s, c__qy, c_z, c_a90ol) values" +
		"(-975033779, 85.65, -355481284, 'gnip' ),(-2018599732, 85.86, 1617093413, 'm' )," +
		"(-960107027, 4.6, -2042358076, 'y1q')," +
		"(-3, 38.1, -1528586343, 'ex_2')," +
		"(69386953, 32768.0, -62220810, 'tfkxjj5c')," +
		"(587181689, -9223372036854775806.3, -1666156943, 'queemvgj')," +
		"(-218561796, 85.2, -670390288, 'nf990nol')," +
		"(858419954, 2147483646.0, -1649362344, 'won_9')," +
		"(-1120115215, 22.100, 1509989939, 'w')," +
		"(-1388119356, 94.32, -1694148464, 'gu4i4knyhm')," +
		"(-1016230734, -4294967295.8, 1430313391, 's')," +
		"(-1861825796, 36.52, -1457928755, 'j')," +
		"(1963621165, 88.87, 18928603, 'gxbsloff' )," +
		"(1492879828, cast(null as double), 759883041, 'zwue')," +
		"(-1607192175, 12.36, 1669523024, 'qt5zch71a')," +
		"(1534068569, 46.79, -392085130, 'bc')," +
		"(155707446, 9223372036854775809.4, 1727199557, 'qyghenu9t6')," +
		"(-1524976778, 75.99, 335492222, 'sdgde0z')," +
		"(175403335, cast(null as double), -69711503, 'ja')," +
		"(-272715456, 48.62, 753928713, 'ur')," +
		"(-2035825967, 257.3, -1598426762, 'lmqmn')," +
		"(-1178957955, 2147483648.100000, 1432554380, 'dqpb210')," +
		"(-2056628646, 254.5, -1476177588, 'k41ajpt7x')," +
		"(-914210874, 126.7, -421919910, 'x57ud7oy1')," +
		"(-88586773, 1.2, 1568247510, 'drmxi8')," +
		"(-834563269, -4294967296.7, 1163133933, 'wp')," +
		"(-84490060, 54.13, -630289437, '_3_twecg5h')," +
		" (267700893, 54.75, 370343042, 'n72')," +
		"(552106333, 32766.2, 2365745, 's7tt')," +
		"(643440707, 65536.8, -850412592, 'wmluxa9a')," +
		"(1709853766, -4294967296.5, -21041749, 'obqj0uu5v')," +
		"(-7, 80.88, 528792379, 'n5qr9m26i')," +
		"(-456431629, 28.43, 1958788149, 'b')," +
		"(-28841240, 11.86, -1089765168, 'pqg')," +
		"(-807839288, 25.89, 504535500, 'cs3tkhs')," +
		"(-52910064, 85.16, 354032882, '_ffjo67yxe')," +
		"(1919869830, 81.81, -272247558, 'aj')," +
		"(165434725, -2147483648.0, 11, 'xxnsf5')," +
		"(3, -2147483648.7, 1616632952, 'g7t8tqyi')," +
		"(1851859144, 70.73, -1105664209, 'qjfhjr');")

	tk.MustQuery("SELECT subq_0.c3 as c1 FROM (select c_a90ol as c3, c_a90ol as c4, var_pop(cast(c__qy as double)) over (partition by c_a90ol, c_s order by c_z) as c5 from t_jg8o limit 65) as subq_0 LIMIT 37")
}

func TestIssue55886(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t1(c_foveoe text, c_jbb text, c_cz text not null);")
	tk.MustExec("create table t2(c_g7eofzlxn int);")
	tk.MustExec("set collation_connection='latin1_bin';")
	tk.MustQuery("with cte_0 AS (select 1 as c1, case when ref_0.c_jbb then inet6_aton(ref_0.c_foveoe) else ref_4.c_cz end as c5 from t1 as ref_0 join " +
		" (t1 as ref_4 right outer join t2 as ref_5 on ref_5.c_g7eofzlxn != 1)), cte_4 as (select 1 as c1 from t2) select ref_34.c1 as c5 from" +
		" cte_0 as ref_34 where exists (select 1 from cte_4 as ref_35 where ref_34.c1 <= case when ref_34.c5 then cast(1 as char) else ref_34.c5 end);")
}

func TestIssue57608(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("drop table if exists t1;")
	tk.MustExec("create table t1 ( c1 int primary key);")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t1 (c1) values (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (116), (127), (121), (122), (113), (214), (251), (261), (217), (91), (92), (39), (94), (95), (69), (79), (191), (129);")
	tk.MustExec("create view v2 as select 0 as q2 from t1;")

	for range 10 {
		tk.MustQuery("select distinct 1 between NULL and 1 as w0, truncate(1, (cast(ref_1.q2 as unsigned) % 0)) as w1, (1 between truncate(1, (cast(ref_1.q2 as unsigned) % 0)) and 1) as w2 from (v2 as ref_0 inner join v2 as ref_1 on (1=1));").Check(testkit.Rows(
			"<nil> <nil> <nil>",
		))
	}
}

// This is a testcase for issue #57608, which is to ensure that the return type
// of expression is deep copied correctly when it needs to be modified.
func TestDeepCopyRetType(t *testing.T) {
	store := testkit.CreateMockStore(t)
	tk := testkit.NewTestKit(t, store)
	tk.MustExec("use test")
	tk.MustExec("create table t0(c0 int);")
	tk.MustExec("create table t1(c0 decimal);")
	tk.MustExec("insert into t1(c0) values (1687);")
	tk.MustExec("insert  into t0(c0) values (0);")
	tk.MustExec("create view v0(c0) as select cast((t1.c0 div t1.c0) as decimal) from t1;")
	tk.MustQuery("select * from v0 inner join t0 on (v0.c0 like cast(v0.c0 as char) <= t0.c0) and (not atan2(t0.c0, v0.c0));").Check(testkit.Rows())
}
